The Growth of Google Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The issue of Google - Research Paper ExampleGoogles electric charge is to shape the global information and make it comprehensively available and relevant. According to Googles strategy and objectives, it believes that the most operational and profitable means to achieve its mission is to prioritize the interests of its customers. The company according to a well-undertaken research, have made conclusions that offering reasonably high-quality services results in enhanced traffic and stable promotion through word of mouth amongst the consumers. With regards to products and service delivery, Google seeks to work indefatigably in order to produce the most relevant, as well as valuable search results possible. On the other hand, Google aims to try its best to deliver the most relevant and useful marketing. If under any bunch whereby an element on an outcome page attracts payment, the company will declare it to its exploiters. Under their publication plan, advertisements should non in terrupt at all. Google, like any other corporate body or a esoteric entity, envies a bright future therefore, one of its principles is to work relentlessly in order to improve the user experience.In 1999, an announcement was made by Brin and Page to establish Google, from a couple of exclusive venture top dog companies Sequoia and Kleiner Perkins. By 2000, Googles directory of more than one billion websites exceeded those of its competitors, therefore replacing Inktomi as hicks search instrument. During this time, Googles focus was primarily on algorithmic search.

Debating public Policy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Debating everyday Policy - Term Paper ExampleThe researcher is of the view that end making in world insurance is an engineered process that reflect the motive and paradigm set by decision maker. Moreover, policymaking decisions are controlled activities which often reflect the political motives.Decision in policymaking, according to Deborah Stone is a process which involves an actor (an individual, libertine or organization or entity) who chooses to take course of action in order to achieve the want end. The actor follows mental operational steps including defining of goals, imagining alternative means for attaining them, evaluating the consequences, and choosing the alternative that is most in all likelihood to achieve desired goal (Stone 233). While these steps represent an organized process, decision makers often overlook their implementation in the exact sequence. Some of the reasons include the emphasis on ends versus means, welfare versus utility of the public, and so o n. Policymakers therefore often skip the initial stages, and work their way from the bottom - that is from the goals towards the alternatives and their consequences.The main aim of policy decision is to maximize the total welfare instead of focusing on a chosen hardly a(prenominal) within the community (Stone 234). After all, the purpose of a public policy is to promote the welfare of the society. disregarding of the consequences to a small number of individuals, decisions pertaining to the welfare of a community should be a reflection of the woof of the individuals. What use is the policy decision to the society if it only serves a chosen few? Thus, the public decision maker is a servant to the objective of the society, and the decisions made should reflect the choices and preferences of the individuals (Stokey and Zeckhauser 258).However, reality it is different. In a multicultural environment such as in the United States, it is difficult to holistically achieve complete consen sus of

Assignment 04 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

04 - Assignment ExampleSome of these factors are as followsIn addition to these factors, the evaluate of aversion in these poor neighborhoods is high due to poverty, unemployment and illiteracy. Such communities are characterized by gangs, and the young male is pressure to join a gang when they come of age since there are few options for them to pursue.I assent with the writer concerning her findings on the criminal justice system in these neighborhoods. The failure of the justice system is non entirely the problem. Judging from the way of life of these communities, it can be said that the government has failed in its obligation to its people.The phrase low hanging fruit means an light target, or something that is easy to accomplish. In her article, Gonnerman (2015) points surface that the murder cases in these black-American communities have not been given a priority to solve. This means their cases are easy to solve since they do not need much attention. This puts them in a different class from otherwise communities such as the white communities whose cases are a priority and need much time and resources to handle. This brings come out the meaning of the metaphor Low hanging fruit as depicted in the passage (Para 11).If I were the dictator leader of such a state, I would solve the problem by fast providing what the familiarity needs procreation and employment. The government needs to invest in such neighborhoods, and provide enough education facilities to the community. I addition to that, the government should pass and implement a law that every young person should attend school. This will diminish the level of illiteracy and unemployment thus cutting down on the rate of crime. Afterwards, the work of the criminal justice system will be reduced, making them more

Business Determinants of Bank Profitability Dissertation

Business Determinants of Bank Profitability - Dissertation sheathFrom this report it is clear that that the determinants of banking profitability are into categories which are internal and external. Internal determinants include the management of expenses, liquid and capital reserves while external ones are size of the firm, economic environment and ownership basis. congruous management of expenses was identified as the most important factor enhancing spicy profitability in banks. Conversely, high interest rates occasioned by ownership strategies were identified as the main factor to low profitability. The seek is valid since misappropriation in handling expenses will definitely lead to more expenditure and little profits in any sector. Similarly, imposing customers to high interest rates on loans is also a factor that makes customers lose faith with the bank.This research highlights thatMolyneux and Thornton elucidated on these variables as well as revealing that liquid affec ts profitability negatively. This research explains that industry-specific variables are the factors that affect a bank within the banking industry such controversy arising from homogeneity of goods and services. Whereas macro-economic variables simply entail the environment of the economy that banks operate. In terms of liquidity, a bank stub be affected if it does not have proper appropriation of funds and hence using it in unproductive ventures such as imposing exorbitant loan interest rates, hence creating losses to the bank.

Online shopping Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Online shop - Research Paper ExampleThe internet is the driving force force behind online obtain because it makes transactions between different parties possible. Online shopping has positive impacts towards customers as it makes shopping fast. It has negative impacts on small businesses that have to compete against wholesalers and big retailers. Security standards used in online shopping are well-established. The security standards make it possible for payments to be done using credit cards. The cards details are encrypted then sent everywhere a layer that is secure over the Internet. The enceinte number of sellers and buyers going online is an enough testimony about the safety and acceptance of online shopping.Consumers do not opt for online shopping because of execrable prices. Though lowest price can be a motivation for online shoppers, separate factors other factors are still important. Online shopping offers better services than visiting stores. Most e-retailers offer a ssuage shipping that customers value the most (Thau).Many shoppers do not say low prices are their primary attraction and motivation for doing shopping over the internet. This statement was proved by a study done by Simon-Kucher & Partners, a worldwide consultancy firm that counts and records retailers among its clients. The firm did a survey over 1000 consumers. The consultancy firm warns retailers against making lowering prices. The firm says that the retailers who leave lower their prices to attract and keep customers will have to undergo long term negative impacts because of that (Thau).Although it might sound unappealing, the retailers who invest in al-Qaida will get long-term customer loyalty. This was concluded by Susan Lee, a partner who conducts Simon-Kuchers retail and consumer goods in northern parts of America. Retailers only need to study and look at recent strategies diligent by the nations biggest brick-and-mortar retailer. The

American Government Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American semipolitical sympathies Assignment - Essay Example umteen critics oppose this system of drug test among students because they feel that it violates the right wing to privacy of the young people. Random drug testing challenges the honesty and integrity of the students. The students might land up answering to many embarrassing questions asked by their teachers which cause unnecessary stress to students. (Kowalski, 2006, p.40) teatimechers and parents of these students should try to encourage them to touch a drug free life. Students under the influence of drug, suffers from behavioral adjustment problems (DuPont & Brady, 2005, p.81). However this conflict of interests might be resolved by adopting softer and more considerate measures after the results of drug tests have been obtained. The Tea company The Tea Party movement is a very powerful movement in modern solar day America. Its agenda is to save the country from moving away from autonomy and liberty so that it can r ender a greater prosperity for the upcoming generation. Tea Party supporters comprises of 89 percent white and just now 1 percent black. The members of this movement are very qualified and belong to the higher income group of the society. The Tea Party members are identified as angry because they are angry with the performance of the government. They are miserable because the government is unable to represent the people. Government is not working on the health care better bill. The supporters of this movement are in general concerned with the economic issues of the state. This party is not a third political party but it voices against the illegal immigration, indiscrimination between races and the lack of good job. (Tea Party Supporters Who They Are and What They Believe, 2010). Chapter 4 The hereditary pattern of Rights and Liberties Equal Protection of the Laws The article Same-Sex Marriage, Civil Unions, and Domestic Partnerships, talks about legalizing the same-sex marriage on cause of equal protection of the laws. Same sex marriage has been the most prominent issue in the resist few years of the politics of united States. Numerous agitations took place among the religious groups which forced the legislation to both prohibit or legalize this practice. Gay rights organizers had been collecting money and muscle power from different places of United States to convince the lawmakers to approve the right of same sex marriage. Supporters of same sex-marriage have proclaimed that marriage is a representation of love and promises and naming something else to the amalgamation of same sex couple proves that they are been treated as a second- class citizen. They also claim that, they should also enjoy the legal rights that are attached to marriage. Many states of U.S have denied changing the status quo but few states like Washington D.C, Connecticut, Iowa, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont do stool marriage licenses to the same sex-couple. In June 20 11, New York legislation permitted same-sex marriage. After few days of legalizing this practice, the Rhode Island State Senate permitted a bill allowing civil unions though it was strongly protested by the gay rights promoters. Same sex marriage is mostly successful in New York because twenty nine states have banned this practice where as dozen other states have initiated law against this practice. In the year 2012, the Gay-rights groups are planning to seek ballot to overcharge the ban in Maine so that same-sex marriage can be allowed there. In the year 2008,

Interracial Relations and Sex and Marriage Essay

Interracial Relations and Sex and Marriage - Essay ExampleThese Western societies accept the apartheid South Africa, the Nazi Germany, a number of states in the United States before the 1967 Supreme Court finis that legalized miscellaneous marriages. Interracial traffic put up also been controversial in the Islamic/Arab world in which some Muslim laws and customs ban or re tight sexual and marriage dealinghips with non-Muslims/Arabs or non-natives of a womans ancestral home. In these societies, more so in patriarchal enculturations, interracial relations are discouraged to ensure that future generations are brought up as Arabs and Muslims. In worse scenarios, women comprise to be breaching much(prenominal) laws and customs are subjected to cruel punishments, which could even be death in places where strict Islamic law is followed. In fact, in Arab states of Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Egypt, Afghanistan and the Palestinian Authority, there lease been repo rts of violence against women who have married from other races, ethnic groups, or foreign countries. These harsh laws are applied under the wile that such an individual has committed adultery and the judicial systems of these countries condone such cruelty towards women and men who wedge interracial relations. This paper explores the issue of interracial relations with reference to the movies guess who is coming for dinner and the sassy hotel on the corner of bitter and sweet by Jamie Ford. Interracial Relations-Sex, and Marriages Fortunately for the multiracial United States of America, interracial relations such as cohabitation, sexual, or marriage have been fully legalized since the Supreme Court decision of 1967, which declared anti-miscegenation laws unconstitutional. Nonetheless, most states of the U.S had legalized interracial relations earlier than 1967. This Supreme Court decision was particularly consequential for the U.S citizenry due to the fact that the country ha s rather many ethnic and racial groups, which make interracial sexual and marriage relations rather common among its citizens. In spite of them being legalized, interracial relations continue to face several challenges, which result in quite a number of complications or barriers that same-race/culture marriages do not face (Smith & Hattery 68). These factors, mostly external, often create conflicts and disagreement in such relationships. For example, the fact that different races have diverse ethical values, customs, and beliefs implies that if people of different races marry, these values and customs may capture conflicts by influencing their perceptions of issues such as lifestyle and family values. Thus, there are bound to be problems and disagreements in such interracial relations (Poitier 124). On a rather positive note, not all interracial marriages have intercultural complications and challenges since there are situations in which people of different races may have the same or close to similar cultures so that little or not custom or value conflicts are encountered in such marriages. For example, in the United States, a couple could be of different races but have intermingled extensively for long periods so that they have similar cultural perspectives on life. The acceptance of the community, family, and the lifestyle of the other quisling is among the

Analysis of Diane Arbu's Identical Twins Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Diane Arbus Identical Twins - Essay ExampleThe paper states that Diane Arbus shot her cracks generally using the Rolleiflex medium format that contained twin lens reflex. These features of the lens provided her photographs with features that were distinct. For instance, most of her photographs, including the similar twin, have cannon level viewfinder as well as the aspect of the square ratio. The application and perfect toleration of the techniques of applying the viewfinders facilitated Arbus to connect with her subject perfectly, and beyond the stands of normal eye level viewfinders were able to synchronize the intended photograph. The photograph, identical jibe portray the images of two young girls namely Colleen and Cathleen Wade. These two girls are equally portrayed stand up side by side juxtaposed to each other with the aim of reviling their underlying identity. Moreover, the girls are intercommunicate in similar attires of matching corduroy dresses with wh ite lase around their necks and about their wrists. Additionally, the photograph clearly indicates that both girls have white headbands about their heads trapping their dark hair. Notably, they are coherently staring at the tv camera with wiz of them posing with a slight slime about her face while the other demonstrate a slight indication of sadness. The indicated nature of state of each girls face depicts a state of parallelism among these twins. Furthermore, the parallelism may be as well been defined, or portrayed by the haunting nature of the portrait. In summary, it may be certain to say or note that the photograph reveals the photographers vision. Some of the photograph scholars had once noted that Arbus was suffering from identity issues. According to Patricia Bosworth, a biographer, Arbus in her career had ever been involved with the question of identifying her identity by comparing herself with other. She once had cherished to determine who she was and who others were. T herefore, the photograph of the twin image is a clear expression that cruxes the vision Arbus ever had. Alternatively, one may argue that Arbus was representing the content of the photograph in the form of normality beingness freakishness, and freakishness being normality (Krauss 12). According to Arbus, this photograph, of identical twins, was photographed at their tender age of seven years old each. In addition, it is as well apparent to note that the photograph was taken in a Christmas party, the party that was organized for twins and triplets. Commenting on the photograph, the father of these girls once commented that they had never thought such worst likeness of twins ever existed since according to him, they have never seen such likeness among any identical twin he has ever seen. It is worth noting that the photograph of the twins has as well inspired other artworks. For example, Stanley Kubrick reflects the elements of this photograph in the film The Shinning. Two identical twin sisters, with identical pose, are feature in this film. Most of Arbus tasteful ideas are also reflected in a piece of artwork known as Gummo by concord Korine. The artistic elements represented by Arbus in the Identical twins photograph are also featured in a television series episode named The Old and The Restless. About the contemporary photographic work, Arbus is considered as a charitable photographer, in the sense that her work unconventionally related to the subject offspring of portraits she presented in her collection. Most of Arbus photographs, including Identical twins, portray people or society as living funny lives, and the same notion was accepted by most societies. Therefore, her photographs depicted what could have been supposed to be the solid person. This makes her

United Nations and International Human Rights Essay

unite Nations and International Human Rights - Essay ExampleThe protection of these rights by the UN however has been criticized as inadequate and inefficient, peculiarly with reports of forgiving rights violations by international as well as private actors and parties. This paper shall discuss the persuasiveness of the UN in the protection of human rights. Specifically, the UNs effectiveness in ensuring the peoples exemption from worrying and oppression shall be evaluated in this paper, with particular reference to relevant case and incidents in the international scene. bole The United Nations was established in 1945 in order to establish and ensure international cooperation and coordination in the proclamation of scotch, political, social, as well as humanitarian issues it was also established to ensure that respect is allocated for human rights and that freedom of all individuals regardless of their race, gender, religion, and language is protected1. In order to specifical ly establish the principles in the protection of human rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted in 1948. Through this declaration, various standards and norms for the protection of human rights norms suck been established2. However, even with these declarations, serious human rights violations have been seen in various parts of the globe. ... In 2006, the Human Rights Council replaced the care of Human Rights4. This council as well as the treaty passed established obligations for states to implement in their own lands in order to support the international mandates. From such show of support, the first steps towards the effective implementation of these treaties were already considered. The Rwanda Genocide in 1994 led to the deaths of 800,000 Rwandans in the span of 100 days5. Years of conflict between the Hutu tribes and the Tutsi world in Rwanda culminated into 100 days of torture and killing in the country. The country was plunged into a political an d economic crisis upon the death of the Hutu President Habyarimana in 1994 and his death served as the spur for the killing of Tutsis by the Hutus6. The Tutsis were targeted in an grounds to cleanse the Rwandan population7. In the midst of the civilian killings, the UN withdrew its forces from Rwanda, thereby allowing the genocide and human rights violations to persist8. The UN was in the perfect perspective to protect the human rights of the Rwandans, but it did not protect such position. It seemed to appear that the UN was more concerned near suffering another failed attempt at peacekeeping, considering its recent experience of failure in Somalia9. As a result of its prudence, hundreds more would die in Rwanda. Freedom from torture and cruel treatment is considered an absolute right, unrivalled which is protected by moral laws and unspoken mandates10. Barnett argues further that the UN bears the responsibility of the Rwandan Genocide11. The UN was in the right position to hav e a go at it the Rwandan crisis in a way that would have made it possible for the Security Council to consider intervention and debut into the

Main Cause of Murder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Main Cause of Murder - Essay ExampleThe cultural beliefs slightly valor and patriotism can go away a cause of murder in an indirect way. For example, a father has been described to feel proud about the death of his son for having, died a martyr (----, 57). It is discover that modify and simple assault can be considered as two reasons for murder though aggravated assault can be having an intention to kill while simple assault is considered as a misdemeanor (----, 57). An exploration of the factors that prompt murder thus will show that the reason for a soul to murder can vary from psychological to circumstantial and accidental. And it can be naturally concluded that nearly murders are not planned ones. ---- has also cited alcoholism and extreme hot climate can become factors that motivate an assault which may lead to murder (57). The author (----) has also opined that poor people and colour people are the groups whose members are most likely to commit murder (57). Such an argum ent immediately would invite allegations of extreme racial and class prejudices. Also, there has been no conclusive evidence also to plant that these assumptions are right. But the author has referred to studies which suggest that poor generally consider violence a badge of toughness and masculinity (----, 58).

The Bill of Rights and the 14th Amendment Essay

The summit of Rights and the 14th Amendment - Essay ExampleFurther, the 14th amendment will also be considered and discussed as a means of providing a greater degree of equality, citizenship, and fairness under the Constitution and the law. The most cited of these x amendments is naturally the first. As a fundamental right of the citizen, the first amendment gives the right to freedom of speech, press, religion, and petition. From a social perspective, this is the amendment that, perhaps more than any other, allows for the continual growth and development of the American society based upon the set forth of the enumerated freedoms. As freedom of religion, press, speech, and petition are guaranteed as a fundamental right which cannot and should not be infringed, the ability of the citizen to express a degree of self determination that would otherwise not be attainable under a different code of ethics or laws is actionable (Kayman 324). Naturally, as with all the turn on of Rights and further amendments to the Constitution, each of these is given by means of entrusting the citizen not to break any law in the practice or implementation of these rights and privileges. The second of the ten amendments relates to the right to keep and bear arms. This hotly debated come to the fore comes to the forefront of the political and societal discourse as acts of horrific gun violence bring appear the anti-gun and pro-gun forces to a nearly seasonal battle royal in which both camps argue over the square meaning of the second amendment and how it relates to our current cultural reality (Case Law 1). With the exception of some key restraints universe placed on the ownership and use of automatic weapons and a few regulations concerning what defines a handgun and what defines a rifle, the interpretation of this amendment has been historically quite liberal. In this way, American society has seen that, as with the other amendments in the Bill of Rights, the judiciary is ke en on upholding the original intent, as best they see it, of the framers. Although it receives little attention, the third amendment which is include in the Bill of Rights is nonetheless important. Whereas the colonies experienced great hardship during the Revolutionary War period as well as before with analogy to being required to quarter and provide sustenance to British Redcoats, the framers sought to enumerate upon the rights of the populace with regards to being required to provide material support for the military. Accordingly, this amendment secures the rights of the citizen against imposition by the military or the government in both time of peace and time of war with relation to providing quarter for soldiers and/or other military personnel. Socially, this amendment has experienced little growth and/or development callable to the fact that the need of the government to require such an imposition of its citizens has been limited. The fourth amendment is infinitely more in tricate than the others which have heretofore been discussed. This fourth amendment states that the rights of the citizen to be free in their house, person, papers, and effects.

Fix the report of HR strategy of BWM in china Essay

Fix the report of HR strategy of BWM in china - Essay ExampleThere are different laws, rules and regulations of different countries which volition affect the global business activities. Cultures ordain be different, environmental factors testament also be different. So the business may face some constraints, challenges and conflicts which may be raised from different laws, culture and societies. To hold business outside the national borders a company should think about their planning and taking decisions and it will take initiative to incorporate internationalistic business related considerations. The management of the company have to root at first that what will be the goods and service or ideas that will be fitted in the international market, how the company will deliver goods to that market. Is the company delivering from domestic production unit or it will aim production centre in the international market and goods will be supplied from there. The company should enter in t he international market through trade or through investment this will be some other point of decision. Customers behaviour also can be turnd in different boorishs market according to the eon changes. The company should maintain the features of the product or the way to asseverate its services in accordance with the customers behaviour. If customers wants to get fast and quick services on time in end of logistics and transportation then the related companies in this field should be updated and change their speed of services. They will take some operational strategy to provide fast and quick services on time to meet the requirement of customers. If they will unable to take such initiatives then they will not survive in the international market. Recession is another big point in case of international business. Revenue, profit and sales will be declined. Company will stop to hire employees or cut down some manpower. Generally it will reduce the income of people and at a time reduc e the purchasing power. Market change also helps to reduce the

The Reasons for The Fall of Satan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The Rea boys for The Fall of Satan - naming ExampleOther names frequently given to Satan in Christian belief are the devil, which means slanderer and Lucifer, referring to a fallen angel. The name Lucifer comes from the Hebrew word Heylal2. It depicts a wondrous state. Its root means to show or to shine and to give light. Some Bible versions call him the son of the morning star, the bright morning star, Day shining star among others. Lucifer was upon idols holy place mountain in the Garden of Eden where God created and placed the angels. God do Lucifer be a filter or a screen through which Gods glory would shine. He is said to find been the loss leader of the heavenly choir. However, he never got a chance to walk in what God made him be.Satan is the chief adversary to God and Christ and the supreme Slanderer of God and man. He is the leader of the opposition in the divine government. Sin and rebellion originated with him. His function is to test and call in question, to perp lex and to destroy every move of God in His administration of the universe. However, he is totally under Gods sovereign control and can only do what God allows. The Bible refers to two occasion when Satan is cast out of Heaven- once in pre-time or before the creation of time where he fell from the immediate presence of God with his angels and once in the future just before Christ, the Prince of quietness comes back to establish His wonderful rule in the earth3.The passage in Isaiah 14 talks nigh Belshazzar, the king of Babylon4. Babylonian kings, who were successively great enemies and oppressors of Gods people, were known by the name Lucifer, core light bearer. Lucifer was another name for the goddess Venus5. Whenever a new king took the thr sensation, he took the ceremonial custody of Baal saying that Baal is ruling and he is his Ashtaroth. It was a marriage between King and deity for they would be one on the throne.Belshazzar took the sacred drinking vessels out of the treasu ry that Nebuchadnezzar had taken from Jerusalem and drank from them. These vessels had been made for the Lords priest to use for a drink offering to the Lord.

Behaviorist lesson plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Behaviorist lesson plan - Essay ExampleThe behavior may be attributed to hyper activeness, tenuity and enthusiasm of young students.Young childrens brains are maturing, and they do not have the same expertness to control themselves as adults do. As a teacher I should, therefore, understand the importance of teaching children abilities for absolute their behavior while appreciating that they need on liberation guidance and my supervision to stay safe. The child may be overwhelmed, close down and, hence, lash out physically or verbally to the teacher for not placing him in the first position. As the teacher I, thus, need to invest time, effort, compassion and patience to assist the child insure the feelings constructively.Children must be able to identify proto(prenominal) interventions to enhance student behavior difficulties in the autochthonic years at the end of the lesson. The science students reactive aggressive behavior depicts its egotism through unplanned retaliation by the child due to being denied the first position when going into the lab. One element key in assessing change in aggressive behavior is teacher-students relationships.Behaviorist principles, such as developmental cascade theory have been used to explain persistent problems in early behavior. Theorists propose early behavior drawbacks in early schooling have cascading results that negatively influence resultant psychosocial functioning and school success. Interventions such as Good Behavior Game that target behavioral difficulties at an early age attempts to prevent the negative

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Final Exam - prove ExampleLeibniz essay was in response to an earlier publication of Pierre Bayle who argued that the presence of evil in the world proved that deity was not on the whole good.The study of Theodicy involves studying and understanding the concept that God allows humans to suffer even though He is good and omnipotent. This has baffled many philosophers for ages and many students of theological system have given several explanations and understanding.The four main theodicy are enestological, protological, eschatological and Christological. Enestological theodicy focuses on the present time. It states that in spite of the existence of evil in the world God conquers evil with His goodness at all times.Eschatolological theodicy is the belief that suffering is temporary and God will bring an end to suffering sometime in the future. This reasoning predicts that good will be compensated ultimately. The righteous will be vindicated in the end.Protological theodicy looks at G ods plan for humanity. The Garden of Eden serves as an example of this type of theodicy. God had everything planned for humanity. Everything was provided including fare and companionship but man had a choice other than what Gods plan for him.Christological theodicy concentrates on the goodness of God rather than on righteousness. It looks at Gods grace and how His love surrounds us. If one examines the life of Christ it is filled with images of His love and grace rather than of Him being judgmental.The prophets in the gray Testament share similar views about suffering. One common theme is that suffering comes from mans disobedience to Gods will. Moses continually told the people about the consequences of obedience as well as disobedience. If you continue to heed the voice of the Lord, your God and are careful to observe all His commands which I rate on you today, the Lord, your God will raise you high above all the nations of the earth (Deuteronomy 281). On the other hand he als o

Contemporary Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Contemporary Ethics - Essay ExampleInternet and cell phone communications get to been cited as tools for Cyber bullying. According to Hopline, what app each(prenominal)s even more is that Cyber bullying occurs during kids class time. Hopline cites that cyber bullying has far reaching implications on kids, so that the victims (kids) of cyber bullying only feel safe when in their bedrooms. According to Hopline, it does not under all circumstances hold that cyber bullying causes physical harm. However, cyber bullying is mostly associated with causation of harmful emotional side effect which may cumulate to other gar reaching consequences. Hopeline cites an example of Megan Meier the girl aged 13 who move suicide after belittlement by a hacker (her mothers friend) that posed on MySpace as a boy aged 16 years. Hopline acknowledges that peer to peer cyber bullying is the most rampant, but its implications argon not so severe. Effective curbing of cyber bullying would entail instilling of ethical morals among the youth, which ordain help them suit to information technologies. Hopline argues that there can be no an over-reactive approach as parents veto their kids from accessing technology in attempt to curb cyber bullying. Hopline suggests that an appropriate ramification procedure would entail the parents convening to rotate meetings, where then the parents can share and appropriately advice their kids on cyber bullying. Parents should be tactical so to dispel anarchy from their kids. Parents should not ignore the fact that all have under high risks of cyber bullying terms such as some kids are immune should not exist since all are sensitive to belittlement. another(prenominal) noise techniques should encompass teaching the kids on the importance of respect. In the case where kids are cyber-bullied, appropriate intervention procedures should be followed before the situation gets out of hand.It is factual that

Three Men in Boat Essay Example for Free

Three Men in Boat EssayThe guard is narrated in the first person by the author, who is referred to as J by his friends. It begins with J, and his friends harris and George, deciding to take a boat trip up the Thames from Kingston to oxford, and indeed back again (the book was written in 1888, when boating on the Thames was enormously popular). They are unanimous in agreeing that this is a good idea (except for Js dog, Montmorency, who doesnt safeguard for boating). They birth trouble getting packed, and in the morning Harris and J take a train to Kingston, where the boat is waiting for them. George is joining them later when he has finished his work at the bank. They row up sometime(prenominal) Hampton Court, where Harris describes an incident when he got lost in Hampton Court maze with some friends (this is one of the funniest parts of the book).George joins the party, and they deem trouble towing the boat, and later they have even more trouble trying to put the c over ov er the boat for the night. They all get fed up with each other, but cheer up when they have a good Tea. There is a long passage about the signing of Magna Carta (there are several(prenominal) passages like this in the book, where the author gets serious for a bit).They have various other mishaps as they pass up the river, like the time when they are having tinned pineapple for tea, and cant determine the tin-opener. They spend a lot of time trying to open it with no success. And there are stories of other trips they made up the river, like the time J was ou tin a boat with his cousin, and they thought they were going crazy because they couldnt find Wallingford Lock (it turns out the lock had been demolished some years earlier). And there ere is the time when they are in an inn which has a stuffed trout in a case on the wall, and several different people fix in and claim to have been the one who caught it, but when George stands on a chair to look at it, he knocks it down and it b reaks it turns out to be plaster of ParisWhen they reach Oxford, and start to travel back, it starts to rain, and they arent enjoying themselves so much. So they abandon the boat and take the train back to London, where they go to a show and then have a good dinner in a restaurant. They make a toast Heres to ternion men well out of a boat

Industry Analysis Outline Essay Example for Free

Industry Analysis Outline examineFor the past several weeks we have been examining firms environmental contexts. The purpose of this in-depth analysis is to * understand how to document an labors systemic profitability (or loss) rate * understand the forces surrounding the constancy (based on Porter analysis) that drive its central profitability (or lack thereof) * understand how macro-environmental factors influence the dynamics of the attention * understand how to draw appropriate conclusions from industry level data * understand how to support conclusions with industriousness of Ch 2 theories and data understand how to summarize industry info in an informative way. Your first case analysis is to analyze an industry to determine its future day potential. The format for this appellative is consistent with what you might be expected to do on the job. Often, when you atomic number 18 given(p) an assignment, you must present your findings in a concise memo, documented by shews which support your analysis. You then to a fault present your work orally.DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECTAssume you atomic number 18 an analyst (or team of analysts) for a consulting company. As analysts, your boss has asked your team to examine an industry for a client who is considering future investment possibilities. You dont know what company or companies may be involved or if this is a potential cutting entrant. You are only asked to provide an evaluation of the industry, its structure, its profitability, attractiveness, opportunities and threats, and future prospects.DELIVERABLES1) If you are doing this as an individual written assignment MEMO submitted to Turnitin. * A business memo addressed to the professor/your boss (no more than 3 typed pages make sense double spaced). This deliverable must be submitted to Turnitin. Although this is a memo, you should cite sources of factual data and information that is not common knowledge. * At least 2 and no more than 5 exhibit s with data (graphs, charts, models, summary, etc) which supports the narrative presented in the memo. These should be attached after the memo. Each attachment should be referenced in the memo in order of appearance in the memo. * One required exhibit should provide some indication of industry performance (is this industry becoming more or less difficult). Think in terms of pecuniary industry analysis and/or wont the shipments data available on Blackboard. You mustiness ANALYZE the information on Blackboard and extract information, NOT just paste it in your paper. * One required exhibit is a Porter analysis*ALL EXHIBITS MUST BE RELATED TO AND EXPAND UPON YOUR NARRATIVE. THESE TWO DELIVERABLES MUST FIT TOGETHER2) If you are doing the team exhibit Power Point WITH narration must be submitted to Blackboard and a HARD COPY of the slides given your professor in class. * parachutes from your presentation. (No more than 15 slides total.). * Webex presentation should be 10 minutes long , not including time for QA.* I expect a complete gadfly* I expect a complete PORTER* I expect some conclusion close to current and future industry analysis that is based on the PEST and PORTERWHAT GOES INTO THE DELIVERABLES?The list down the stairs should be the basis for your analysis. Remember, while you should look at all of these elements for a complete analysis, your judgment and application of concepts from Ch. 2 should inform your decisions regarding which pieces of the analysis are important for the memo and presentation. This means that not all of the below items will ultimately be included in the deliverables, even if you analyzed them initially. Only the most authoritative items will be included in the limited space of the deliverables.INDUSTRY FUNDAMENTALS1) Description of the elements of the industry.* What is the explanation of the industry? (Not its history, just its definitional parameters) * At what stage of the industry life cycle is this industry?(Use data to describe and defend this) * Profitability?(This should be presented as DATA, over time, relative to some other standard, for comparison)2) Who are the native competitors in this industry?* Are there important strategic groups? * What division or group dominates? What segment (if any) is doing well? What segment (if any) is weak?DYNAMICS OF THE INDUSTRY1) What key trends in the general environment are important and affecting the future demand for the product or supply of necessary materials of this industry? wherefore?* political* economic* social* technological* global2) Which forces (Porter) are most critical for this industry? I.e., which ones scoop explain the profitability rate that you described above?* Barriers to entry? (which ones?)* Powerful Suppliers? (which ones, why?)* Powerful Buyers? (which ones, why?)* Powerful Substitute INDUSTRY(s) (which ones, why?)* Hi Rivalry of Competitors? (what is the source of rivalry?)FORCES FOR CHANGE THAT ARE uphill1) How are the f orces (Porter) in the industry changing over time to become a. Stronger? (What macro-trends are driving this?)b. Weaker? (What macro-trends are driving this?)2) Based on the Porter analysis (from 4 5 above), is this industry getting c. more attractive (easier to make profits) ord. less attractive (harder to make profits)? (why?)INTEGRATION OF THE INFORMATION3) What are logically-derived conclusions (based on the analyses above) for e. opportunities (trends) associated with this industry? f. threats (trends) associated with this industry?4) What are some key issues that players in this industry must be awake of?FORMAT for the AssignmentThe MEMO format should include1) Business memo format Please use the Elegant Memo template in Word, but double spaced. Also, insert page numbers. 2) Attachments should be designate in numeric order (i.e. Exhibit 1), with a title underneath which indicates the nature of the information in the attachment. 3) Attachments should be numbered in the order in which they are introduced in the memo text.The Power Point slides1) Slide 1 should include the name of the industry and the names of the team members. 2) All team members should be ready to answer questions regarding the team analysis.

Environmental Ethical Issues Essay Example for Free

Environmental Ethical Issues EssayContemporary environmental ethics emerged as an academic discipline in the 1970s, as nature was the focus of much of the nineteenth and twentieth ascorbic acid philosophy. In the prehistoric thirty years fiat started the questioning and thinking of the relationship of human creations with the graphic environment. This reflected an already widespread perception in the 1960s that the twentieth century faced a nation time bomb and a serious environmental crisis. The commercial farming practices impacted environmental and creation health concerns.The chemicals used in farming on the crops are harmful and could cause health problems for high society. This is an honourable issue when they survive that harm can humans but making a profit comes first. On the separate hand we now receive that they are harmful and the government is trying to regulate the chemicals used. I retrieve it works in some instances but not with everyone. Discovered in 1968, by Stanford ecologist, capital of Minnesota Eehrlich, warned that the growth of human population and viability of planetary life support systems are in trouble.Pollution is collectable to the overuse of our capacities. The government attempts to reach a common ground and change how areas are populated. They regulate what we physical body and how far apart we can. They also make wildlife preserves to protect animals from extension. They also make sure that protected trees are left and they also keep certain animal species protected. They are seeing the over population and starting to see that we need to do to keep our population free of overpopulation.In the past our society either turned a deaf eye or did not exactly know the consequences of what was adventure in society. If we keep the idea and ethics in the environment we go away make a Brobdingnagian change in society. Animal rights activist are concerned about the rights of animals. I do believe that animals shou ld sport rights to but I also feel that in rats and other rodents we need testing to financial aid save some lives. If we did not use them whence we would not find cures for cancer, aids and many other life threatening diseases.If we do not use animals then what do we use? In the past this was not a concern because it did not raise such an environmental ethical issue. Today we know more than and many more people are concerned of what happens to them and why we are using animals. I feel that we should use animals instead of humans. Humans are also used in studies and things happen to them sound like animals. I feel that this is not ethical. I know that sometimes they use a placebo and then a drug that could save a persons life. What if you were the one that got the placebo?Would that make you and your family feel good knowing that something could cook saved your life? I was personally involved in an environmental ethical issue where I lived. It was a highly published case that really caused a lot of controversy in the intelligence agency and with society. I lived off of Marlee, which was about a mile away from the area of contamination. The government did know that the chemicals were being dumped and covered up. After many years of covering it up, it came out in the news. It kind of reminded me of the movie with Julia Roberts Erin Brocovitch.Everyone was locate and had meetings to discuss the health problems that the people that grew up along there had been experiencing. Myself being one of them, having cysts on my ovaries at 9 years of age. I knew so many people who died from cancer at an early age. I was friends with many people who had miscarriages. It was very bad time in our lives and devastating that the people had to suffer because individual wanted to save money. I can promise you one thing that the company paid a lot more after the fact then they would have if they disposed of the waste properly.I know that the peoples life expectancy in the n eighborhood I lived in I only about 50-60 which is rater young. If our society would all do there part and not expect that is will just change itself we will live in an environmental ethical society. The new saying is think green and I have even been making sure not to print something unless absolutely needed. It is going to take an effort on al people not just some to change our society and make it a more environmental ethical place to live. Ruggiero, V. R. , (2008). Thinking critically about ethical issues. McGraw Hill. Boston.

IT Ethics and Security Essay Example for Free

IT Ethics and protective covering EssayThe bill of Childrens Internet Protection Act or CIPA is included in the coupled States Congress and is recommended to keep a tight rein on childrens disclosure to obscene websites and open material available on the meshwork and online. This bill was proposed by the Senator of Arizona, Mr.John McCain who wanted CIPA to be in unify States Senate in the year 1999 however it was not included until various other delegates launched it in the United States House of Representatives, subsequent to which an absolute version was made and passed on the 15th December, 2000 after President vertex Clinton brought it into Law on 21st December, 2000 which after a few years on 23rd June, 2003 last got defended by the Supreme administration of United States of the States (US District Pennsylvania, 2010). This law requires the schools and public libraries to use profits safety filters for the reception of certain national financial support.Therefore the Supreme Court of United States of America has followed on constitutionality CIPA and has been providing them with the relieves to acquire reasonably priced telecommunications and Internet (Willard, 2007). Supreme Court of United States of Americas legal opinion on CIPA The purpose of CIPA was to provide the libraries and schools of the USA with support for net profit and telecommunication facilities and this has been followed perfectly since the Supreme Court of USA approved it however it has certain limitation.A legal apprehension for instructors is lawsuits brought through anxious parents and associations. through with(predicate) certain internet filters the minors can be saved from the explicit content on the internet which may rot their minds at a very early age so this helps in preventing the selective information of school from creation seen by some other sources and, therefore from all points provide maximum protection to the children and their families (US District Pennsylvania, 2010).As mentioned there are certain limitation to the support program which includes that as per CIPA, schools and libraries to a lower place CIPA do not obtain the concession accessible through the E-rate program, which is a concession that provides the facility of internet to schools and libraries, until they confirm that they have all the internet security measures in place which include the filter of engine block of pictures which are obscene, which may contain explicit material or certain data which might be bad for the childrens mind, therefore the schools which have CIPA facility need to have proper monitoring dodge which is too under hitch of the USA politics jus in case of any violation (Willard, 2007). likewise the educational institutions and libraries under the watch and aid of CIPA have to implement an authority and are inquired about to check the children while they use the internet, send any electronic mail or use some flesh of chatting resource t hrough the web while special check on certain hacking or debase of internet by a minor is done and all the information is under supervision of the authorities however it does not need tracing of internet and the websites used by the children or any bad during the subjection to CIPA as it can be done by the supervisor of the place where the internet is being used (US District Pennsylvania, 2010). Hence this has been one of the greatest measures taken by the United States judicature and surely has a brilliant positive effect on the minors as they not besides learn the use of internet but are also protected through it.Conclusion The coupled states government has always taken steps for the betterment of its citizen and the ones through which they can be benefitted therefore this step of CIPA ruling under the Supreme Court of the USA deserves appreciation and especially the people who donate funds to help the schools and libraries running and provide facilities the young minds

Impact of the Public Sector Reform on Employee Relations Essay Example for Free

Impact of the Public Sector Reform on Employee transaction EssayIn the 1950s to the 1960s, the materialistic disposal of Britain had a strong compulsion to adopt a neoliberal stance on economic policies. Certain industries which were nationalized by the turn over society after the here and now World War were privatized. State spending on health, education, and welfare were cut this was so since too oft sequences spending would necessarily result in low economic performance of the whole country (although innovation was possible). Military spending were doubled to contri savee to the overall economic output of the country. This was continued during the leadership of noblewoman Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990) and her successors. Nevertheless, although allowing a pregnant reduction of government spending in the welfare sector, the cautious government instituted approximately reforms to upgrade government programs on health and the bureaucracy itself. The Local Government Ac t of 1993, Health guard Complaints Act of 1993, the parliamentary Commissi mavenr Act of 1994, the Local Government Act of 1974, were some of the examples of the readiness of the Conservative government to put efficiency and cost effectiveness the emblem of a government in dish (to the people).These acts passed by the Conservative government were meant to streamline the bureaucracy, add-on the powers of the local anesthetic governments (establishment of new boroughs and counties), extend the powers of the parliamentary Commissioner in examine cases involving local authorities, improve the health care service by allowing the snobby sector to invest in government health programs, and put a mechanism to effectively negotiate grievances in the government and its related entities (like government owned corporations).These programs and policies were meant to create a bureaucracy with the intense participation of the private sector. They were programs economic in character. Programs we re directed to the service of the in the habitual eye(predicate) but with the capital from foreign and private individuals playing as the force back of development. The image of these programs seemed to be a positive one intense partnership between the government and the private sector in the service of the public. With the coming of the wear upon party in power, some changes were presented in the halls of the parliament. there was a step to extend the jurisdiction of the Parliamentary Commissioner in matters allowed by parliament (the three Ombudsmen the Parliamentary Ombudsman, Local Government Ombudsmen, and the Health Service Ombudsman). An act was established also established to ontogenesis public sector employment a move almost totally ignored by the Conservative government in the 1960s. It is expected that due to the changes hitherto described above public sector employment would improver by 360, 000 in the next three years, and almost a million in the following decade .The reduce of teachers, doctors, nurses, physical therapists, and policemen increase by to a greater extent than 100, 000. An increase would be expected in early(a) professions (which is or so 200, 000). Although a global cut was implemented by the Labour government in the civil service programs, they were compensated by an additional increase of public sector employees. In sum, the reduction was implemented to increase public sector employment since public sector employment is one of the most effective ship canal of boosting economic performance (due to its manageability).Needless to say, however, these changes proposed or implemented by twain the Conservative and Labour governments of Britain contrive had certain effects or impacts on employee relations. The Health Service Act implemented by the Conservative government proposed a two-valorem system of dialog between complaints presented by the two parties involved. This action prove to be non very effective as a conflict resolution mechanism for employees.The present Labour government established a so-called conciliator with the aim of a) to bring the parties involved together for the world-wide purpose of negotiation and settlement of complaint, b) to create activities deemed possible for the attainment of a settlement, and c) to assist the parties involved to nominate for a fair agreement. This three-party system of negotiation (which were imitated by other countries) became an effective force in resolving conflicts in the public sector (the employees). The number of resolved cases or agreements had increased since the coming of the Labour Party in power, a huge debacle for the opposition.The creation of metropolitan boroughs and counties made by the Conservative government (acts enumerated above) had also some impact on employee. It fairly promoted intense economic activity in these new districts. Public sector employment had a slight increase. Herein, therefore, it became the duty of the gove rnment to institute a law which will protect the interests of the public sector employees. The creation of the Parliamentary Commissioner Act of 1967 and an amended accuse in 1974 defined the limits of the Ombudsmen in reviewing cases or complaints presented to them by government employees (against local authorities or other employees).The effect was good for the public sector employees since the number of complaints and perceived problems in the government bureaucracy was reduced. This was not really a good measurement of performance since the number of public sector employees at that time was small the civil service jobs share in the total number of jobs was about 62 %. cod to the increasing number of public sector employees, the Labour government refined the laws mentioned above. The Ombudsmen were granted right by the parliament to investigated cases in count onently, with more flexibility and rigour.A general program of action was also presented by the domicile Secretary to r eform the Parliamentary Commissioner, giving the latter some air of independence when reviewing not only cases involving possible crime committed by members of parliament) to the general public but also to the increasingly significant public sector employees. It was recognized that delays would be averted if this plan of action was implemented, and therefore a possible good-humoured relationship between employees result.Nevertheless, a revised attached code of ethics was also created to define the limits, behavior, and general attitude of government and public sector employees to lessen if not avoid conflict or distraction of delegated or defined duties. The Labour Party in the present can boast of its success both in streamlining the bureaucracy (same policy of the Conservative Party in the 1950s to the 1960s) and providing a ground stall of cordial public sector employment system (employment and conflict resolution). One public sector employee celebrated that the propensity or possibility of having conflict with her peers appears to be zero.This is one indication of the success that the Labour Party can present to the general public. However, such conclusion is not totally accurate. The Conservative Party was suitable to create brilliant programs that were responsible for the increase in the public sector employment. The program of devolution gave the local governments the right to shape the economic policy of the districts involved. The air of supra liberalism during the Conservative years promoted intense migration from triplet world countries. The public sector itself became a hotspot for foreign nationals, of which the British public can depend for their special services.It seemed from the start that conflicts will generally increase because of the heterogeneous character of the public sector employees, but the speculators proved wrong. The code of ethics prepared by the British MPs became a gigantic piece of political scourge to the Labour Party. Not only that conflicts decreased in the government and the public sector decreased, the legal opinion government experienced a high trust rating from the two sectors, and of transmission line a high applause from the business sector. The consecutive electoral victories of the Conservative Party (during the leadership of Margaret Thatcher) proved the case.Nevertheless, certain variables have to be considered when reviewing electoral victories for it is itself a locus of different circumstances of advantages. There is one great difference, however, when we talk of the Conservative and Labour policies on public sector employees. It is generally accepted that impersonality should be the hallmark of a bureaucracy and of course the whole economic activity of the country. In the Conservative years, impersonality was endlessly implemented in the government, with strict penalties for noncompliance.However, government officials were not aware that the policies they implemented (as enumer ated above) had certain effect on the public sector employees. Employees became resonant of public policy. They became more politically involved in public discussions. And as such, became more impersonal in their dealings with the government and their clients. Economic activity, according to one economist, may thoroughly be possible under the environment of impersonality and laxity of economic requirements. This became a starting step for Britain to increase its migration rate.The increasing number of public sector employees heralded a change or revision in the policies of the Labour Party in terms of public sector employment. As mentioned above, the proposed and implemented policies on negotiation and extension of powers of the types of Ombudsmen were generally meant to increase the efficiency of the government to solve disputes arising between employee and employee, employee and employer, and between employee and government officials. telephone that the public sector had increa sed because of migration.The current composition of the public sector employees deserve a more efficient and complex system of work arrangements. This was generally only an adaptation made by the ruling government, since the composition of the public sector employees during the 1950s to the 1970s is generally different from today. Nonetheless, only two factors in the public sector employees that became the point of reference of a government in power its size and composition. Although this may be a narrow generalization, the circumstances that followed afterwards prove such assertion.

How Does Culture Affect Meaning and Communication Essay Example for Free

How Does finale Affect Meaning and Communication EssayNowadays we live in what is considered a spherical crossroads, over time we bugger off collectively worked towards this end. The need and desire to create a closer spherical community is not only seen as a technological advantage except an economic benefit. The homo as we know it gets smaller every day, thanks to a new generation of social media applications such as facebook or twitter, which links vast communities together communities and cultures atomic number 18 no longer cut onward or remote.Take facebook for example, it has over 1 billion customrs, if it were a country it would be the third largest by population. (www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2013/012313.htm) Whether you live and work in remote Antarctica or bustling Hong Kong, technology and the studies of inter-culture dialogue ensures that people, governments and organizations domiciliate work effectively together in a harmonious and beneficial way. N aturally, this is an ideal situation, but as experience tells us, nothing is ever as simple.This essay explores how pagan deviances effect meaning and colloquy. In doing so it testament quality at the definition of culture, what it is, and how it affects meaning. Further more, it will look at the acclaimed Dutch researcher, Geert Hofstedes quadruplet proportions of somatic culture as a framework to define and categorize cultural differences. Finally, it will raise authority problems raised in the field of inter-cultural communications and provide suggestions to overcome them.What is culture? currently there argon over 7 billion human inhabitants living on this planet. Each of these macrocosm dwellers comes from a specific culture. (geography.about.com/od/obtainpopulationdata/a/worldpopulation.htm) As the world becomes smaller, not physically, but by the use of new media and technology, as they traverse earth looking for new or better opportunities, so must they face the modern conundrum of understanding firstly, what is culture, and secondly, how the differences between cultures effect meaning and communications.Without an understanding of different cultures, the potential for misunderstanding is high, with the ever-present possibility of a breakdown in relationships and opportunities. (Dostine, 2008, pg 58) text book suggests that all human beings can be broadly specify by our culture. In essence, we are all born into a culture that over time has been passed down from previous generations, bestowing a rich history, significant culture formation traits such as its religion, its value and ethics, its ceremonies, rites and rituals, languages, customs, laws and business practices. Moreover, verbal and non-verbal communications practices that differ from one culture to the next. Therefore, cloy to say that the more we know about each new(prenominal)s cultures the more effective our communication and co-habitation of the planet will be.How does cu ltural effect meaning? At the best of times, communication between individuals can be just aboutwhat challenging. Add to that mix, communicating with people from an another(prenominal) cultures and suddenly, the propensity for misunderstanding and in nearly cases offence can very easily take place as a result of the differences between the cultural backgrounds, understanding and meaning between the sender and receiver can be in stark(prenominal) contrast. This can be due to the extend in variables in the communication mix, therefore do global interaction more complex. Furthermore, peoples perception or way of thinking, hearing or comprehend can vary quite extensively from one culture to the next.It could be strongly argued that it would be extremely advantageous for both parties to be aware of the differences and therefore the potential for problems that arise from inter-cultural communication. Nowadays, many multi-national organizations, governments and educators have lear n and education programs in place. They see the importance in creating a clear, concise and respectful hunt of communications between cultures. An example of this could be the section of foreign affairs and trade (DFAT) in Canberra.One of its main(prenominal) functions is to liaise internally and externally to better position itself to and for greater opportunity. It would be highly likely that the department has educated its employees in the science of how to deal effectively with other cultures (governments, organizations, businesses). One of DFATs main objectives is to work with other government agencies to ensure that Australias pursuit of its global, regional and bilateral interests is coordinated effectively. (dfat.gov.au/dept/what-we-do.html) In the field of organizational cultural studies, a Dutch researcher known as Geert Hofstede went on to publish his highly regarded findings. These findings have become a highly influential and acceptable way in which modern organizat ions can asses the difference between national culture and organizational culture. Hostede, seen as a pioneer in area of corporate culture, created a framework in which to asses national cultural groups and how they may affect or influence behaviors deep down an organization.Hofstedes research in the 1980s, included the survey and analysis of hundreds of thousands of employees across fifty countries, to further increase the validity of his findings he followed up several years later by re-surveying these workers.In his work Hofstede take a firm stand that the values that differentiated counties from each other fell into four dissimilar categories or clusters. Through the transition of his study in corporate culture, Hofstedes created a framework whereby he classified culture into four different dimensions. These dimensions looked at four anthropological problem areas that societies tend to handle differently to one another. much(prenominal) as, ways in which they cope with inequ ality, incertitude, the relationship between the individual and their primary group and implication of the persons sex. natural from this was Hofsteds four dimensions of national culture. They become knows as Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism versus Collectivism, and Masculinity versus Femininity. (www.geerthofstede.nl/dimensions-of-national-cultures)In discussing the quaternary Dimensions of Culture, Hofstede claims that Power Distance Power distance is the consequence to which the less top executiveful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a societys level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power and inequality, of course, are extremely fundamental facts of any society and anybody with some international experience will be aware that all societi es are unequal, but some are more unequal than others. Uncertainty AvoidanceUncertainty avoidance deals with a societys tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. It indicates to what extent a culture programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations. unorganised situations are novel, unknown, surprising, and different from usual. Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situations by strict laws and rules, guard and security measures, and on the philosophical and religious level by a belief in living Truth there can only be one Truth and we have it. People in uncertainty avoiding countries are also more emotional, and motivated by inner nervous energy. The opposite type, uncertainty accepting cultures, are more tolerant of opinions different from what they are used to they try to have as few rules as possible, and on the philosophical and religious level they are relativist and allow many currents to flow side by side. People within these cultures are more phlegmatic and contemplative, and not expected by their environment to express emotions. IndividualismIndividualism on the one side versus its opposite, collectivism is the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. On the individualist side, we find societies in which the ties between individuals are loose everyone is expected to look after her/himself and her/his immediate family. On the collectivist side, we find societies in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups, often extended families (with uncles, aunts and grandparents) that continue protecting them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. The give-and-take collectivism in this sense has no political meaning it refers to the group, not to the state. Again, the issue addressed by this dimension is an extremely fundamental one, regarding all societies in the world. MasculinityMasculinity versus its opposite, femininity refers t o the distribution of emotional roles between the genders which is another fundamental issue for any society to which a range of solutions are found. The IBM studies revealed that (a) womens values differ less among societies than mens values (b) mens values from one country to another contain a dimension from very assertive and competitive and maximally different from womens values on the one side, to modest and condole with and similar to womens values on the other. The assertive pole has been called masculine and the modest, caring pole effeminate. The women in feminine countries have the same modest, caring values as the men in the masculine countries they are more assertive and more competitive, but not as much as the men, so that these countries show a gap between mens values and womens values. (www.geerthofstede.nl/dimensions-of-national-cultures)Whilst Hofsteds four dimensions are highly regarded, further research has highlighted other areas that effect intercultural commu nication and understanding. These include context, language and non-verbal communications.Firstly, it is almost impossible to investigate research into the cross-cultural issues without making mention of Edward Halls research in the area he asserted that cultures are defined by context. (Hansen Lee, pg,30) A persons behavior can be affected by its cultural context. (Dostine, 2008) From here, he broke context down into low context cultures these prefer direct verbal interaction with minimal regard to context. Examples include Australia, USA, Germany, Switzerland, and Scandinavian cultures.

Leadership Imperatives in the Arab-American University Essay Example for Free

Leadership Imperatives in the Arab-Ameri gutter University EssayLeadership in a cultivate of higher and advanced accomplishment such as the Arab-American University requires collaborative and confrontational challenges with a number of issues, typical but not limited to that of either educational asylum.Such issues as ethnical diversity, inclusivity, intellectual activities such as seek and instruction, cordial involvements such as community extension services, learners affairs, finance, marketing, st considergic business models, organizational theories, profitability and shargonholder value, political and social congruencies and differences, among former(a)(a)s, lots create deep chasms to and betwixt the various inculcate sectors that are ironically bound by a commonality purpose quality education. This is made more sine qua noning when Arab and American views are integrated in a single community.What unique lead and centering model therefore would apply down stairs such a get configuration? What risk worry interpolation would constantly prevail? What residual risks or synergy, if any, would be evident? Leadership and management in an educational institution are perhaps among the approximately formal, sensitive and confrontational roles a professional can assume. Business organizations established for profit are far easier managed and conduct as there is that environment and mandate of compliance required of every employee based on example contracts and agreements.This compliance system gives the manager the elbow room to adopt an organizational approach under a theory x or y scenario. Admittedly, discipline under an entrepreneurial undertaking is implyed primarily to have-to doe with shareholder value targets and for survival secondarily. Universities are considered more complex than most organizational systems as they demand the most professional passagees than any other institution. Schools are assumed to be the fount and cradle of learning, thence a strong exemplary modeling of instructors and administrators are always the subject of intensive scrutiny among other sectors.Would this university therefore require a business-like management style or an organization lead mix that is as fluid as the socio-cultural and political dimensions? . In an age where socio-cultural and political diversities are characterized with the widest spectra and extremes, the establishment of an Arab-American intellectual Mecca can be expected to require the most intense professional and socio-cultural leaders anywhere. This study would be implicated in identifying sweeps of collaboration while addressing confrontational issues and risks along the process.Similarly, the relevance of this study along multicultural settings in complex and diverse forms and in exceedingly professional environment would transcend, scour revolutionize all assumptions, shot and even all forms of propositions about multicultural biases. Br ief history of the Arab-American University The Arab-American University (AAU) was established in 1973 as non-sectarian, non-profit and non-government institution of higher learning. Its primary purpose is to address the educational needs of Arab-Americans starting from preschool to basic, secondary, higher education, to graduate and post-graduate levels.Among its goals and objectives take on providing full scholarships to families of indigent but intellectually capable members of the Arab-American community in a specific area with a relatively high density of Arab-American families. While the university accepts Muslim students, it also caters to students from other religious and cultural denominations and groups.. The university is primarily a combination of a business college powerfully oriented towards information technology and applied science courses, both technical and baccalaureate degrees.The university is composed of seven schools the Schools of Business Management, Hospi tality Management, Accountancy, Nursing and Midwifery, Medicine, Arts, Political and the amicable Sciences, Polytechnic Institute composed of the Departments of Architecture, Computer Science, Electronic Communications Engineering, Civil and mechanized Engineering and handsome Arts, its flagship programs includes Accountancy where it ranks among the top 50 business schools in the United States, Electronics Communications Engineering, Nursing, Hospitality Management and Mechanical Engineering.All seven schools are verticalized with their respective graduate schools. As of the year 2008, the university boasted a population of 30,000 highly selected students and scholars from 25 call downs and 15 countries mostly from the Middle East and Asian countries. Its student population increases by an average out of 15 per cent and expected to hit 50,000 by 2012. Presently, it maintains two campuses the Chicago and Urbana Campuses, each with its own require and separate sets of faculty. All courses are offered in both campuses.For the last three years, AAU has garnered a number of faculty member awards, including twelve top researches awards in Accountancy, Computer Sciences, Nursing, Electronic Communications Engineering Awards. As of December 31, 2008, the school started to become consistent in its passing rate for the Accountancy, Nursing and Engineering courses all averaging about 80 per cent against the national norm of 40 per cent. For nursing, AAU has started to register a 100 per cent passing rate in the Nursing Board Examinations.All colleges and schools in the university are headed by a Dean of the College and are assisted by a Vice Dean with a pool of Academic Chairs for each of the courses or majors within the college. A Faculty secretary is the administrative officer of each college or school and must be a holder of a doctors degree in any of the courses in the college where he or she is assigned. The faculty secretary is the point person of every co llege but maintains a built-in six units of academic load in addition to his full-time administrative work.The university boasts of complete state of the art facilities for all of its laboratory classes including its basic education department. Its library is one of the most complete, up-to-date libraries in the world with the most comprehensive collection of traditional and electronic materials. During the last five years, the university has been the recipient of awards for excellence in community involvement and extension services. Its research center laboratory enjoys an gift fund from where it trains and maintains its pool of researchers from the ranks of the faculty.Leadership Efficiency and Effectiveness and the primary key concepts adopted in the university Just like any school of advanced learning, the university is a complex organization that adheres to the mission, vision, goals and objectives it has demanded from itself and its academic and non-academic employees the hi ghest standards of professionalism, responsiveness, community involvement, strong, visible and dynamic research-orientations and the corrective but compassionate relationship maintained with the students of all levels.To be exitive and efficient, the university periodically asserted its need to formalize and communicate its strategic, tactical and available plan in the same other successful organizations do. (Robbins, 2003). tone ahead and beyond the current situations in the industry, (in this case the education sector) brings uncertainties and risks into the open and allows the organization a clear means of managing, confronting and even avoiding those uncertainties and risks. (Shaw,2003).The university makes sure that it conducts its strategic planning session one-yearly before the onset of the win year in time for translating the strategic level into the tactical component as well as operationalizing the tactical level. (Anthony Govindarajan, 2001). Similarly, AAU never fa ils to conduct an evaluation and assessment of its preset plans as means of determining where it is and what bound and enabling federal agents it is experiencing. (Atkinson et al, 2003).This evaluation additionally renders the university an effective means of addressing swap (Koller as cited by Robbins, 2003). These planning and change management processes articulates AAUs assertion of lead under inherent socio-cultural complexities through clear visioning and communication initiatives to all its stakeholders that for umteen years, have been encouraged to actively participate in the planning sessions. This has greatly contributed to the overwhelming atmosphere of professionalism in the university.The senior administrators of AAU may not have formal training on complexity management, but their organizational leadership styles enable the attainment of an enviable cohesiveness as a team with a common purpose of being that of addressing ignorance and mediocrity where they are neede d. AAUs uniqueness stems from its capability to harness its management with the leadership character to instill regulatory and policy compliance without having to assert authority and power in between (House cited by Robbins, 2003).It is surprising that even under intense pressure to compete and manage the scarce resources provided endowment the AAU is able to integrate the sensitive and complex balance scorecard approach in its strategic purpose making. (Kaplan Norton, 2004). The university attributes this success factor on its priority for choosing its leaders under the trait theory that focuses on the ain qualities along charisma, exemplary modeling, attitude, enthusiasm and even personal traits common to both cultures as courage and determination.(Robbins,2003). condescension rigorous studies on identifying leadership traits for its management, supervisory and staff positions, the university correlates traits such as drive and ambition, integrity which includes frankness an d sincerity, competence along knowledge and skills and even sense of sacrifice. (Robbins,2003). The university however, continues to experience a dearth of this type of managers with the leadership dimension due to the expansion and establishment of similar institutions outside of the United States.Thus, aware of this constraint, AAU emphasizes its executive and management development training programs to prepare the transition of its key great deal towards the great demand for exemplary modeling (DelaTorre, 2006) that is, managers and leaders who took initiatives to address the personal needs of the employees as means of making them more productive in the process. (Robbins, 2003). The university seldom experiences the risks of the groupthink factor (Shafritz Ott on Janis,1992) as it respects the need for all decision makers to be super knowledgeable and skilled in the decision making processes.Being a part of its strategic objectives, the annual development programs encourage AA U employees to be continuously motivated, through the behavioral theory approach, effectively deciding as a team in addressing organizational objectives. This motivational drive expands the employees horizons and capabilities towards job satisfaction and sustainable learning and growth of its human capital (Kaplan Norton, 2003). As a result, AAU has achieved in just 25 years what other universities tried to accomplish in a century and under the most challenging multicultural scenarios.On one hand, the leadership and management mix being adopted in the university guarantees and assure empowerment of units and people towards autonomy and self-regulation. This is granted after intensive training on decision making and university processes that includes appreciation and utilisation of marketing researches and theories in support of policy formulation and implementation. The immense authorities and power given peculiarly to the respective heads of offices, primarily the Deans of Colle ges and Schools, are always tempered with management control systems to guide all decisions towards operation of goals every inch of the way.The resultant good governance, control and transparency outcomes of this empowerment initiatives unburdens the senior management with operational concerns, thus allowing this level a clear focus on the strategic direction of the university and strengthening its social and political influence through good governance and risk management processes (Shaw,2003) On the other hand, the administrative efficiency has been excellently adopted through specialization and responsibility accounting that enables units to address issues at every level strengthening the span of control while focusing tasks towards a specific class of clients, concerns and even the university campus designated purposely for the educational services. (Shafrits Ott on Simon, 1992).The leadership styles and practices exercised by the AAU stakeholder group are creating new levels of efficiency and potential in the hierarchy and creating precedents as well as new theories to emerge in the realm of university value-based (Koller, 1994) management and organizational leadership. These new learning and growth perspectives have revolutionized the balanced scorecard (Horngren et al, 2000) and stakeholder principles (DelaTorre, 2006) with an exemplary mix of leadership innovations. Despite the control risks that mix might be spawned by the staff turnovers experienced during the last few years, the university has maintained a loyalty index of more than ten years among its people. This is a sustainability plus factor in human resource management of the school. Other key principles and concepts adoptedIn the area of instruction, research and extension services for example, excellence in the classroom is primarily driven by a strongly motivated select members of the faculty pool whose training and development focus is based on align the needs of the teachers with the needs of the university. This congruency theory in objectives (DelaTorre, 2006) allows for mutual and beneficial relationship between faculty providers and students. The preventive theory (Shafrits Ott on Argyris, 1992) in organizations demands a strong psychotherapy approach (Rogers Roethlisberger, 2000) to communications. The theory presupposes the presence of a special relationship between people to enable openness and transparency among constituents.Teachers display this practice in terms of open and complementary student advising and counseling sessions not only as part of the intervention process but a critical part of the formation process in education. Students need and demand attention in the form of interventions especially in difficult and complex scenarios they find themselves in the process of earning a degree. Thus this psychotherapy theory helps in providing a strong motivational environment in the classroom opens avenues for students to be creative and enthusiasti c about their career plans. Secondarily, this special attention given to student clientele becomes a strong promotional and marketing tool for the university in attracting students even from those school already established.The need for any intensive advertising and marketing efforts to project the identity of the schools are addressed by the students themselves who become informal marketing and testimonial proofs of quality education. This has expanded the market of the university even to those non-Arab-Americans who appreciate the ism that the school articulates and manifests through its graduates. Managing and leading a university in the current socio-economic environment becomes problematic even under the various principles of organization (Shafritz and Ott on Cohen and March, 1992). These anarchic ambiguities of purpose, power, experience and success can render even the most competent university president to fail in some circumstances in due time. Thus the management and organ izational leadership mix is both critical and mandatory.This allows the president to grab the appropriate management and leadership tool at a given situation and scenario and exert and even allow certain precedent-setting decisions to effect changes with the least minimum resistance or optimum cooperation. Thus, inability along this line runs the risk of getting confused with his leadership character or manager authority or some hybrid in between. For AAU, the consultation process with the constituents and stakeholders becomes the medium by which decision critical to every office heads functions are articulated. This explores the best idea possible while addressing and dissipating potential resistance to any innovations and measures not substantially understood or appreciated.

Compare and Contrast the Reasons Essay Example for Free

equivalence and Contrast the Reasons EssaySuppose you are fetching a course on 19th-century America, and the instructor hands bring out the side by side(p) essay assignment Compare and personal line of credit the reasons why the North and South fought the Civil War. You turn on the computer and type out the following The North and South fought the Civil War for many reasons, roughly of which were the same and more or less different. This reeking dissertation restates the question without providing any additional information. You will expand on this new information in the body of the essay, but it is important that the commentator know where you are heading. A reader of this weak thesis might think, What reasons? How are they the same? How are they different? Ask yourself these same questions and begin to compare Federal and Southern attitudes (perhaps you first think, The South believed slavery was right, and the North thought slavery was wrong). Now, push your comp arison toward an commentarywhy did unrivaled side think slavery was right and the other side think it was wrong?You look again at the evidence, and you decide that you are going to argue that the North believed slavery was unchaste while the South believed it upheld the Southern way of life.You write While both sides fought the Civil War oer the issue of slavery, the North fought for deterrent example reasons while the South fought to preserve its own institutions. Now you squander a working thesis Included in this working thesis is a reason for the war and some idea of how the two sides disagreed over this reason. As you write the essay, you will probably begin to characterize these differences more than precisely, and your working thesis may start to seem too vague. Maybe you decide that both sides fought for moral reasons, and that they just focused on different moral issues.You end up revising the working thesis into a terminal thesis that really captures the argument in your paper While both Northerners and Southerners believed they fought against totalitarianism and oppression, Northerners focused on the oppression of slaves while Southerners defended their own right to self-government. Compare this to the original weak thesis.This final thesis presents a way of interpreting evidence that illuminates the significance of the question. Keep in mind that this is one of many possible interpretations of the Civil Warit is not the one and only right answer to the question.thither isnt one right answer there are only lovesome and weak thesis statements and strong and weak uses of evidence. Lets look at another example. Suppose your literature professor hands out the following assignment in a class on the American novel Write an analysis of some aspect of Mark Twains novel Huckleberry Finn. This will be easy, you think. I loved Huckleberry Finn You grab a pill of paper and write Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn is a great American novel. Why is this thesi s weak? call up about what the reader would expect from the essay that follows you will most likely provide a general, grateful summary of Twains novel.The question did not ask you to summarize it asked you to analyze. Your professor is probably not interested in your opinion of the novel instead, she wants you to think about whyits such a great novelwhat do Hucks adventures rank us about life, about America, about coming of age, about race relations, etc.? First, the question asks you to excerpt an aspect of the novel that you think is important to its structure or meaningfor example, the role of storytelling, the contrasting scenes amidst the shore and the river, or the relationships between adults and children.Now you write In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore. Heres a working thesis with potential you have highlighted an important aspect of the novel for investigation however, its still not clear what your analy sis will reveal. Your reader is intrigued, but is still thinking, So what? Whats the point of this contrast? What does it signify? Perhaps you are not certain(p) yet, either. Thats finebegin to work on comparing scenes from the book and see what you discover. Free write, make lists, lead down Hucks actions and reactions.Eventually you will be able to clarify for yourself, and then for the reader, why this contrast matters. afterward examining the evidence and considering your own insights, you write Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twains Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of American democratic ideals, one must leave civilized society and go back to nature. This final thesis statement presents an interpretation of a literary work based on an analysis of its content. Of course, for the essay itself to be successful, you must now present evidence from the novel that will convince the reader of your interpretation.

The importance of Pompeii today Essay Example for Free

The splendor of Pompeii today EssayQno(prenominal)1a The vol tidy sumic eruption results in the loss of wads life and position making their families helpless and homeless. Some judgment of convictions it destroys the village under the ash or lava.1b On the 24th appalling in the year AD 79, the people of Pompeii were going about their business in the usual way. all at in one case it grew dark a great was leaving the top of mountain. The people of Pompeii started to run out of the town, but more than 2000 of them didnt get for. Stones and cinders began to fall on the town and the town was completely buried.1c The importance of Pompeii today is that the Italian government has very carefully cleared away the volcanic matter to uncover public buildings, surreptitious houses, shops and market places. We can see where people lived and how they live and can make a picture enactment of their culture. From the body of a Roman soldier which was found by the archaeologist we can, to day, understand the people of that time and the things they possessed at that time.1d The people who have been living near ventes know the merits of the soil formed by the condensation of the matter erupted by the volcanoes, how fertile that is.1e Tristan da Cunha was a living island which had erupted many time and squeeze people to leave their places. The volcano was dormant.QNo3 (i) Erupting suddenly coming out of something volcano has started erupting. (ii) Cinders a piece of literal that is left after something such as wood or coal has burned the ash is assiduous from cinders. (iii) Extinct a volcano that is unlikely to erupt extinction is a fact of living. (iv) Dormant something that is not active the volcanoes after losing capability of Eruption become dormant.(v) Lava a kind of rock which comes out of volcano in the form of a very hot liquid lava after cooling becomes solid rocks.QNo4 A Country I Would Like To VisitI have a craving to go to a foreign country. The very thought sends a wave of thrill in me. I feel that a visit to some foreign country will add to my knowledge of men and manners and I shall be able to know more of the world and its geography.There are a number of countries where people generally go. There is U.S.A., the richest country of the world. It is a land of skyscrapers, crime and affluence, to is said that out of every 2 families there one has got a car. There is the United Kingdom, whose inhabitants ruled over India for over a coke and fleeced her of all her wealth. There is Russiaa super power, the leader, of the countries with Communist ideology. Japan, too, is a country which has fascination for some. Japan is once again making rapid strides towards industrialization after the mishap of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. During the Second World-war two American bombs had demolished them to the ground and brought Japan to her knees. Germany, too, is advancing rapidly towards industrialization.Which country I would most like to visit? Well, I have no particular fascination for the United Kingdom. The reason is simple enough. I have perceive so much about the country from my friends and relatives who have been there that I feel there would be nothing new for me to see. The visit to Russia is out of question. Undoubtedly, Russia is a great country. She has made great progress in science and technology. Yet its way of life is not congenial to my taste. It is a Communist country. There is no liberty of speech. Adverse criticism is not tolerated.The country I would most like to go is the U.S.A. not that it is a rich country. The Americans are the best people in the world. There is no formality in their behaviour. If India is now able to tide over her problemit is all due to American help. Food grains worth(predicate) billions were imported from that country and the food problem is all but solved. It is similarly helping the country with the good knowhow in some of the major industries. The Americans also direct the English language which I can speak and write with ease. I have therefore, decided to go to America as and when I get an chance to do so. QNo5 (i) Friend Hey, I told you about that problem.Me Which one?Friend About my dads mazed car.Me Yeah. So?Friend What should I do now?Me What can I say May be you should talk to your dad about it. Friend Shall I lie to him?Me No. Just dont make this situation worst by lying to your dad about it. Friend So?Me Go and tell him the truth. Tell him what happened and how that happened. Tell him that it was neither yours nor the opposite drivers fault but because of the slipping road. Friend Will that be ok?Me Yeah. I think so.Friend Okay. Thanks brother for the advice.(ii) flummox Vacations are not about sleeping late and experienceing TV all day. You can realise up photographs, learn an instrument, learn judo Son/ daughter I really worked hard for my exam. I do want to rest. Mom Okay. I know but I will not allow you to watch TV all day and do nothing. Son/Daughter But momMother No. I dont want to listen anything now.Son/Daughter Ok fine. Ill do something but not today, by tomorrow, I promise. Mother Are you lying to me?Son/Daughter How can IMother Okay. But only today you can keep being lazy.Son/Daughter Thank You You are the sweetest mom in the world. Mother Okay Okay Now stop buttering.QNo7 (i) the, a(ii) a, a, an, a, the, the, the, theQNo8 (i) to help (ii) playing (iii) to catch (iv) cooking (v) to work (vi) driving (vii) to go (viii) lending (ix) to buy (x) comprehendQNo9 1 were. 2 had prepared. 3 arrived. 4 discovered. 5 had reserved. 6 had not had. 7 had given. 8 had also misunderstood. 9 required. 10 suspected.