Spousal Testamony against an accused :: essays research papers fc

Dating back to the 16th century, spouses were not deemed to be equal to testify evidence against their spouse. The reasons were a lot simpler than they are today. Anyone with a perceived interest in litigation was deemed to be biased and therefore unfit to testify. downstairs common law spouses are considered to be one and the same. Since the 16th century the issue of spouses and their ability to set up evidence against their partners has become more than and more complicated. Modern day courts rely more on preserving the sanctity of the marriage than preserving the in competence standard.The ability to block spousal testimony does not barely apply to all couples under the law. Those in common law relationships are not considered to be one and the same and these spousess are able to violate testimony about events that occurred during the relationship. Ultimately, because the issue falls under common law the question of whether a husband or wife to can be compelled to give evid ence against there spouse was at the justices discretion. Most justices are more likely to compel spousal testimony in cases of violence and domestic abuse. The legal age of these offences are committed on a one on one basis with either no one to witness the abuse, or a kidskin incapable of being called as a witness. The testimony evidence of the spouse is often the only proof that an offence occurred. In R. v. McGinty, Justice McLachlin concluded that competence included compellability and added a new policy dimension to the analysis. She observed policy interests favoured compelling testimony in cases of domestic violence. Competence without compellability would more likely contribute to family disagree than prevent it. In the matter of appearance, she noted that fair-minded persons generally find it abhorrent that persons who commit crimes go un-prosecuted. The states duty to protect the golosh of its citizens, underlies the testimonial competence in cases of violence against a spouse, also dictates that the spouse be complellable. Fundamentally the main factors facing a Justice in their decision is the matter of public safety and the harmony of the marriage. Compelling a spouse to testify against their partner is in direct conflict with that ideology. Therefore divorced or legally separated couples do not fall under this category. In R. v. Bailey it was determined that spousal incompetence does not survive divorce. Justice Morden observed that The innovational policy justification for the rule in question is that is supports marital harmony.

Imperial presidency :: essays research papers

Imperial Presidency2 examples from 19th century- Lincoln suspended Habeas Corpus- Jefferson bought Louisiana, wasnt his Constitutional right- Jackson breaks up national bank into many pet banks- Jackson forced out Cherokee Indians even after Supreme courtroom decided on Indian side Supreme Court has made their decision now let them enforce it.4 examples from 20th century- FDR say neutrality but sold Destroyers to Britain (Lend Lease)- Truman ceased a steel mill during Cold War because he didnt like how it was running- Nixon ruined executive privilege, unploughed illegal actions secret until Supreme Court ruled it as a criminal investigation. (Watergate)- Nixon bombed Cambodia without Congressional approval, without congress or people knowing, caused country to fall downstairs communism.- Reagan wanted to fund the Contras in Nicaragua who wanted to overthrow Communist rule, congress did not approve, so he sold weapons to terrorist group in Iran and used the silver from the sells to fun Contras behind Congress back.-After FDR, no other president has approval to declare struggles but invaded countries anyway, i.e. Vietnam, Korea, Afghanistan, and Iraq.5 factors which lead to Imperial Presidents- The world has become more(prenominal) advanced, Interdependent economy- The changing times causes people to want a sizeable president - Foreign policy is main factor, because the decision to go to war (Doctrines)- Gradual change after states of emergencies, i.e. great depression, cold war, and now 9/11- The belief that U.S. is super power, therefore leader of U.C. should be as powerful- The party system falling apart, party leaders were weak, organizations were irrelevant, and president was the focus due to media (internet, TV)- The decay of parties left him with control of political scene- The change in economy, gives government new powers, but the opportunity goes to President (FDRs new deal)- Nuclear age gave president good reason for executive privilege because no one else should know.

Essay --

Nicholas Joseph1/8/2014Ethics in BusinessProf. ManciniDiversity and Discrimination RegulationsThe first step in solving a problem is recognizing that there is one. A quote from HBOs The Newsroom series couldnt be truer regarding the situation at hand, Discrimination in the workplace. The get ahead you go back in history the more and more you see discrimination in the workplace. If you were a white male, you had it made. Everyone else was out to fend for themselves but nowadays thats no the case, at least we hope so. Discrimination in the workplace is a terrible thing, something that shouldnt even be considered as a problem in this day in age, but unfortunately it is. Thankfully though, there are companies and laws that protect the correctlys of humans and give everyone a fair rule and do what they want most, live the American dream.Publicly traded companies such as Cisco, EBay, and Adidas, are just three examples of companies that engage in ethical business practices and go thro ugh the value and importance of diversity in the workplace. Without companies like this setting examples for early(a)s alike, there would be a bigger problem on our hands. Things like higher unemployment, poverty, and other disastrous outcomes would just be the beginning. Now obviously, those are all problems we face in todays world but just imagine them if they were on a grander scale due to the lack of diversity in the workplace. Fortunately, there are regulations that promote diversity and rid of discrimination and these companies do business the right way.Lets start with Cisco. According to the Cisco main website, Cisco Systems, Inc. is an American multinational corporation headquartered in San Jose, California, that designs, manufactures, and sells... ...ng environment is created in order to cause diversity and variety within the workplace. The theory of inclusion provides a broader perspective of diversity. As the workforce continues to exemplify a broader base of minority groups, the dominant universe of discourse begins to lessen and questions emerge. Based on the idea of inclusion, white men do fit into a diversity requirement because they themselves are a group that is include in the diverseness of a company. Taking the stats from above, 48.45 percent of employees in private industry were women, while 34.1 percent belonged to race/ethnic minority. With those being minorities themselves and adding the percentages together, thats a combined 82.55 percent. That leaves 17.45 percent for white men, in turn, making them a minority, which is the entire reason for a diverse workplace.

Demonic Possession :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Demonic PossessionBelief in the possibility of demonic monomania has waned since the advent of sophisticated medical knowledge. What had previously been considered to be examples of control of an individual by a spirit or devil ar now ordinaryly accepted as numerous forms of mental illness, considerably explained by nervous system activity. If all types of behavior (including emotional states and cognitive states) are produced and mediated solely by the brain, there leaves no potential for much(prenominal) a phenomenon as demonic possession to exist and such cases would clearly be instances of various illnesses. However, neuroscience has not yet been able to explain all of the characteristics common to purported cases of demonic possession ((1). A possessed individual is typically characterized by having strange physical ailments or disfigurements verbal outbursts, mostly obscene or blasphemous in nature violent behavior and vulgar behavior bodily spasms and contortions ability to speak languages never before studied self-mutilation superhuman abilities such as psychic abilities, abnormal strength, or an ability to perform behaviors out of the realm of human possibility such as levitation cessation of normal bodily functions for periods of time, including existent and heart beat and a pronounced revulsion to symbols, places, people, objects, and ceremonies having any religious context. Other phenomena associated with the presence of a demon include an acrid stench tag decrease in the temperature of the room which a possessed individual occupies writing appearing out of nowhere sounds and voices arising from nowhere and objects moving on their own and last of objects in the room, without anyone having laid a hand upon them ((2), (3). Despite the striking quality of this description, the expansion of the fields of medicine and psychology has led to diagnoses other than demonic possession for individuals who present circumstances similar to those mentione d above. These sorts of cases are now readily explained in terms of abnormal functioning in the brain and nervous system. There are various disorders which may mimic demonic possession these include schizophrenia (and other periods of psychosis), dissociative identity disorder, and Tourette syndrome ((4). Schizophrenia is characterized by the presence of delusions, hallucinations, disorganise speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, affective flattening or inappropriate emotional responses, avolition, and alogia. General psychotic episodes, such as might accompany mood disorders, can besides closely simulate a state of demonic possession by hallucinations or delusions. The delusions can be ones of thought insertion, thought broadcasting, delusions of guilt, delusions of grandeur, such as beingness God (or a demon), or delusions that God (or a demon) is speaking to the person and giving commands for a special mission (5).

Jim Crow Laws in the United States Essay -- essays research papers

Imagine living in a world where you are harassed because of your fell color. Imagine knowing that is all you can look off to. That is all your children and grandchildren can look forward to. Discrimination has been around for a long quantify, even before prehistory. Someone always thinks that they are better than others because of their skin color, sex, race, etc. Social classes and slavery are just two examples of discrimination. Even though our Constitution is based on freedom, our own Constitution allowed for discrimination of African Americans for around 100 years. It allowed White people to harass nasty people. If we base our country on giving freedom to everybody, shouldn?t it include everyone? Discrimination against lows was called Jim gloat fair plays. The laws made sure Blacks and Whites had limited contact, and different lifestyles. They made sure Blacks stayed in different section of trains, restrooms, restaurants, buses, and much more. Jim Crow laws said that ever y involvement had to be ?Separate only equal?. However, most places weren?t equal for blacks. Take a look into the past, and learn when the Jim Crow laws started, its life, and how it was challenged by courageous people.Jim Crow Laws started in the South later on the civil war. The laws started around 1865. The term Jim Crow came to be because of a famous minstrel show in 1828 written by Thomas Dartmouth Daddy rice about a Black farmer named Jim Crow, ?Klarman 5?. Jim Crow Laws are often confused with Black Codes. Jim Crow laws are different from Black Codes because the Black Codes started before Jim Crow Laws, and ended during the civil war. The Jim Crow Laws became extremely popular in the South and in the West, however, the North wasn?t that big into the Jim Crow Laws... ...y, this law only affected schools ?Brown versus Board of Education 1&2?. Jim Crows laws had a major impact on United States history. The Jim Crow Laws were preceded by the Black Codes. Because of the Jim Cr ow laws, Blacks were taught that they were inferior to Whites, and it was accepted fact that they were inferior. There were many cases to trying to stop the Jim Crow laws, and some of them were successful. Sadly, there were many cases in which the right thing weren?t done. However, during the 1960?s the Civil Rights movement came around, and a new wave of change was in the air. With John F. Kennedy as president, Martin Luther King Jr. as a prominent Civil Right Leader, a new chapter began in American history. The segregation was over, at least in the eyes of the law. Sadly, it took some more time for segregation to be really over in the heart and mind of people.

Jim Crow Laws in the United States Essay -- essays research papers

Imagine living in a world where you are chevvy because of your skin color. Imagine knowing that is all you can look forward to. That is all your children and grandchildren can look forward to. Discrimination has been around for a vast time, even before prehistory. Someone always thinks that they are better than others because of their skin color, sex, race, etc. Social classes and slavery are just two examples of discrimination. Even though our Constitution is based on freedom, our own Constitution allowed for discrimination of African Americans for around 100 years. It allowed White people to harass Black people. If we base our plain on giving freedom to everybody, shouldn?t it include everyone? Discrimination against Blacks was called Jim Crow laws. The laws made sure Blacks and Whites had limited contact, and antithetic lifestyles. They made sure Blacks stayed in different section of trains, restrooms, restaurants, buses, and much more. Jim Crow laws said that everything had to be ?Separate but equal?. However, most places weren?t equal for blacks. Take a look into the past, and take aim when the Jim Crow laws started, its life, and how it was challenged by courageous people.Jim Crow Laws started in the South after the civil war. The laws started around 1865. The term Jim Crow came to be because of a famous troubadour show in 1828 written by Thomas Dartmouth Daddy Rice about a Black farmer named Jim Crow, ?Klarman 5?. Jim Crow Laws are much confused with Black Codes. Jim Crow laws are different from Black Codes because the Black Codes started before Jim Crow Laws, and ended during the civil war. The Jim Crow Laws became extremely popular in the South and in the West, however, the North wasn?t that big into the Jim Crow Laws... ...y, this law only affected schools ?Brown versus Board of Education 1&2?. Jim Crows laws had a major impact on United States history. The Jim Crow Laws were preceded by the Black Codes. Because of the Jim Crow laws, Blacks w ere taught that they were inferior to Whites, and it was accepted fact that they were inferior. There were many cases to trying to ensure the Jim Crow laws, and some of them were successful. Sadly, there were many cases in which the right thing weren?t done. However, during the 1960?s the Civil Rights movement came around, and a new wave of reposition was in the air. With John F. Kennedy as president, Martin Luther King Jr. as a prominent Civil Right Leader, a new chapter began in American history. The separationism was over, at least in the eyes of the law. Sadly, it took some more time for segregation to be really over in the heart and mind of people.

Regulatory Competition Among Accounting Standards Within and Across International Boundaries

Financial statements that are simple and comparable to the general public may not be in the best interest of the managers. Managers like to contain ?nancial reports to suit their own interests. Financial inform would be easy to just report what eer is in the funds till. Despite the fact that pecuniary reporting would be simplistic, it is emend to have complex account than a simple financial reporting. There is no sodding(a) criterion for any corporations in the world. An ever changing corporate world makes it harder to ascertain for the prefect mensuration.However, experimentation with alternatives in a competitive regulative environment generates data to help identify with the most treasured accountancy standards. No single set of standards has been shown to be the best suited for each ?rms. The argument for regulatory monopoly in history is often based on the assumption that in the absence of such regulation, there allow for be no standards. Financial reporting sta ndards act as a template to go on managers from taking advantage of the shareholders cost of capital and fraudulent behaviour or thoughts.Despite being a set of rules, the financial reporting standards still has its leeway from clownish to country. With a centrally planned invoice standards, standards setters are susceptible to lobbying pressure especially when disagreement arises between varies interest party. On the contrary, with regulatory competition, standards setters can suspend the lobbying pressure. This is because those who do not like the standard can freely choose another one that is suitable. Analysis For the first claim above, I agree that a simple financial report is favourable to the public notwithstanding not so to the managers.However, this may not always hold true as it may paint a biased picture favourable towards the managers. This is mainly attributed to the manipulations of the financial report for their own interest. In addition, a financial reporting th at only reports the cash in the till would eliminate all the complexity of financial reporting. However, I feel that a complex financial report that depicts the true situation of a company is better than a simple financial statement that just only accounts for whatever is in the till.Having guidelines may be easier for financial reporting but it may leave out certain hard to count assets and liabilities which are crucial in preparing an impartial financial report for the public. Therefore, I agree with the author that a complex financial report that may arise from regulatory competition is better and more precise compared to a guided and simple financial report. Secondly, my apprehension with the experimentations of alternatives is that in reality, corporation may not have the time or resources to try out contrastive alternatives.A failed experimentation with an alternative accounting standard may negatively affect the capital that will be invested in the company by investors. How ever, I do agree with the author that experimentation with different standards through regulatory competition will eventually lead to the perfect accounting standard for every corporation. This is due to the ever changing rules selected in accounting standards through regulatory competition. 3 No single standard setter knows the perfect standards for different industries and circumstances.Hence, I guess that in order to have the perfect standards it is for the best to leave it to the market. Like I have mentioned above, accounting rules are always carefully chosen according to different regulatory competition. Just like the laissez faire concept. Hence, with regulatory competition, the market will decide which standards are the best by allowing corporations to experiment with alternatives. Subsequently, the main argument favouring the harmonisation of accounting tandards is the fear of having no standard with competitive regulations. However, better firms can engage the best qualit y of audit as an attempt to select their quality over to investors. 2 Firms can convey such message by paying a price premium charged by audit ?rms, which are perceived to provide services of higher(prenominal) quality. This further proves that even without regulations there will still be standards in fact the reports prepared will be better quality as better audit firms are employed.The up side of using accounting standards set by standard setters is that it is prescriptive. I agree with the writer that in this case, by having prescriptive standards are actually positive as it restricts managers from exploiting the cost of capital belonging to the shareholders. In addition, not all standards that are prescriptive lack flexibility which will hinder professional judgement. An example would be the flexibility between UK GAAP, US GAAP as well as International GAAP despite all coming under the same accounting standards.Finally, I disagree with the author to a certain extend that it wil l lessen the lobbying pressure. I believe that having regulatory competition may provide for more lobbying opportunities as pressure to conform to authorities who are usually the big corporations or political government are futile to resist. 4 Nevertheless, I agree with the author that regulatory competition will not eliminate lobbying pressure but lessen it. With regulatory competition, accounting standards are diversified hence reducing its vulnerability to lobbyist.Critical appreciation Throughout the whole paper, the author has a strong stand on the differentiation of accounting standards by putting more weight on discussing on the advantages of regulatory competition that arises from differentiated accounting standards. Even though there are discussions on the advantages of having standards towards the end of the paper, there is not much emphasis. However, I agree with the author that his arguments for regulatory competition are not for the elimination of accounting standards.I strongly believe in the Pareto efficient solution for setting accounting standards for every accounting standards set it will not benefit everyone but as long as it benefits the majority it will be a considerably good standard. Overall, I love this article as it opens up my mind regarding the benefits we can get by adopting regulatory competition by having different accounting standards at the same time emphasised about the consequences of just having regulatory competition.

Impact of a Jet

Impact Of a Jet Introduction Over the years, engineers have found many ways to utilize the force that stool be imparted by a jet of fluid on a surface diverting the flow. For example, the pelt on wheel has been used to make flour. nurture more, the impulse turbine is still used in the first and sometimes in the second stages of steam turbine. Firemen make use of the kinetic energy stored in a jet to deliver water supply preceding(prenominal) the level in the nozzle to extinguish fires in high-rise buildings. Fluid jets are also used in industry for cutting metals and debarring.Many other applications of fluid jets can be cited which reveals their technological importance. This sample aims at assessing the divergent forces exerted by the same water jet on a variety of geometrical different bases. The results obtained experimen ascertain are to be compared with the ones inferred from theory through and through utilizing the applicable versions of the Bernoulli and nerve impulse equations. Objectives i. To measure the force produced by a jet on flat and curved surfaces. ii. To compare the experimental results with the theoretically calculated prisesProcedure 1. Stand the apparatus on the hydraulic bench, with the drainpipe immediately above the hole leading to the weighing tank, see figure 4. Connect the bench supply hose to the inlet pipe on the apparatus, victimisation a hose-clip to doctor the connection. 2. Fit the flat plate to the apparatus. If the transfuse is fitted, re remind it by undoing the retaining screw and lifting it out, complete with the loose cover plate. Take care not to bring down the cup in the plastic cylinder. 3. Fit the cover plate over the stem of the flat plate and hold it in position below the beam.Screw in the retaining screw and tighten it. 4. Set the weigh-beam to its entropy point position. First set the vanquish weight on the beam so that the datum groove is at range in on the scale, figure 5. Turn the adjusting nut , above the spring, until the grooves on the tally are in line with the top plate as shown in figure 6. This indicates the datum position to which the beam must be returned, during the experiment, to measure the force produced by the jet. 5. Switch on the bench pump and open the bench supply valve to approve water to the apparatus.Check that the drainpipe is over the hole leading to the weighing tank. 6. Fully open the supply valve and slide the jockey weight along the beam until the tally returns to record the exercise on the scale corresponding to the groove on the jockey weight. Measure the flow rate by limiting the collection of 8Kg of water in the bench-weighing bank. 7. Move the jockey weight inwards by 10 to 15cm and chasten the flow rate until the beam is approximately level. Set the beam to barely the correct position (as indicated by the tally) by moving the jockey weight, and record the scale reading.Measure the flow rate. 8. Repeat step 6 until you have about 6 sets of readings over the range flow. For the last set, the jockey should be set at about 10cm from the zero position. At the lower flow rates you can reduce the mass of water stack away in the weighing tank to 8Kg. 9. Switch off the bench pump and fit the hemispherical cup to the apparatus using the method in steps 2 and 3. Repeat step 4 to check the datum setting. 10. Repeat steps 5 to 9, scarce this time move the jockey in steps of about 25cm and take the last set of readings at about 20cm. 11.Switch of the bench pump and record the mass m of the jockey weight, the diameter d of the nozzle, and the distance s of the vanes from the outlet of the nozzle. Data and Results Table 1 Results for Flat Plate piss Mass, Mw (KgTime, t (S)Distance, ?y (m)Mass Flow, m (Kg/s)Velocity, u (m/s) Initial Velocity, uo (m/s) Momentum, muo (N)Force on vane, F (N) 240. 560. 6642. 86546. 47545. 782342125. 89 240. 560. 6742. 86546. 47545. 782342126. 29 240. 560. 6442. 86546. 47545. 782342125. 89 240. 550. 6243. 64556. 41555. 7232425124. 32 241. 040. 5423. 08294. 27293. 581281121. 19 41. 380. 2317. 39221. 72221. 0496459. 025 Table 2 Results for Hemispherical Cup Water Mass, Mw (KgTime, t (S)Distance, ?y (m)Mass Flow, m (Kg/s)Velocity, u (m/s) Initial Velocity, uo (m/s) Momentum, muo (N)Force on vane, F (N) 240. 551. 3243. 63556. 28555. 5913334. 1652. 19 240. 561. 3242. 85546. 33545. 6413095. 3651. 79 240. 581. 3141. 38527. 59526. 9112645. 8451. 40 240. 591. 2840. 67518. 54517. 8512428. 4050. 23 241. 031. 1323. 30297. 08296. 397113. 3644. 34 241. 200. 7320. 00225224. 315383. 5128. 64 Calculations 1. Mass flow rate, mf = mw / T In table 1 m= 24 / 0. 6= 42. 86 Kg/s In table 2 m=24 / 0. 55= 43. 63 Kg/s 2. Velocity at nozzle exit, u= m / ? A , m = ? uA u= m / (1000 x78. 8510-6) u= 12. 75 x m In table 1 u= 12. 75 / 42. 86 = 546. 47m/s In table 2 u= 12. 75 / 43. 63 = 556. 28m/s 3. Velocity at daze with vane, uo From Bernoullis equation uo 2 = u2-2gs uo2 = u2 (2 x 9. 81x 0. 035) In table 1 uo = (v546. 782) 0. 687 =545. 79 m/s In table 2 uo = (v556. 82) 0. 687 =555. 59 m/s 4. Momentum flow in the jet at impact,J Moment,J = m x uo In table 1 J= 42. 86 x 545. 78 = 23421 N In table 2 J=43. 63 x 555. 59 = 13334. 1N 5. Force on vane F, F = (W x y) / 0. 15 In table 1 F= (5. 89 x 0. 66) / 0. 15 =25. 89 N In table 2 F= (5. 89 x 1. 33) / 0. 15 =52. 19 N 6. Slope of the graph, From flat plate graph, m m= (17500-10200) / (25-15) m= 730 From Hemispherical Cup graph, m m= (8500-6000) / (48-35) m=192. 30 Discussion . go the adjusting nut above the spring until the grooves on the tally are in the line with the top plate as shown in figure 6. 2. Recording the reading on the scale corresponding to the groove on the jockey weight. 3. Starting timer and adding weights when beam moves to horizontal. Stopping timer when beam moves to horizontal again. 4. The values of F theoretical (calculated from 4g? x) are close to those found experimentally. So we connect these points with a stra ight line. 5. Also from this graph we see that the calculated F (4g? ) is equal to the effigy of mu ? 2mu 6. It is clear from Fig that the force produced on each of the vanes is proportional to the momentum flow in the jet as it strikes the vane. From the data collected during the experiment, it is found that for different plate of vane used, the force exerted on the plate by the water get out be different and it varies from flat and hemispherical plate. This is supported by the data of the column, distance of jockey from zero position which is the mean of knowing the force needed to balance the force exerted by the water. . We were to plot graphs of Force versus delivery of momentum for each plate on the same graph and we found the graphs posses different slope where the values are 2 and 1. 1 for hemispherical and flat plate respectively. We were able to plot the two plates on the same graph and although the relative slope is correct where hemispherical has the greater slope foll owed by flat plate, but the calculation of the slope will not be correct because the value of x-axis is the same for all two graphs.So in order to obtain the correct value of slopes, the individual plotting of the graph has been plotted and the slope has been calculated. 8. When the water from the nozzle strikes the plate, it has the same initial velocity for the two plates but the velocity changes collectable to the obstruction by the plate and it will be different for each plate due to the geometrical effect. The geometry of the hemispherical plate minimizes the obstruction of the plate so the water will flow more freely relative to that of the flat plate.So, for the same flow rate, the hemispherical has a relatively higher final velocity than flat plate. fortune of error of experiment Accuracy = (muo-4g? X /4g? X) *100% For flat plate (31. 20-1. 96/1. 96)=10. 2% (2. 10-1. 96/1. 96)=7. 14% (1. 73-1. 57/1. 57)=10. 2% (1. 35-1. 18/1. 18)=14. 4% (0. 9-0. 78/0. 78)=15. 4% Factor Par allax error, during adjusting the level evaluate to point, Water valve was not completely close and Press stopwatch start button late. For hemispherical cup (4. 74-4. 1/4. 71)=0. 64% (4. 08-3. 92/3. 92)=4. 08% (3. 6-3. 14/3. 14)=14. 6% (2. 7-2. 35/2. 35)=14. 9% (1. 90-1. 57/1. 57)=21. 0% (0. 94-0. 78/0. 78)=20. 5% Factor Parallax error, during adjusting the level gauge to point, Water valve was not completely close and Press stopwatch start button late. Question Suggest two ways to improve accuracy of results? 1. It is by reiterate the experiment a few times which make the results more reliable. 2. Measuring use highly precise digital measurement. 3.If the line didnt pass through the origin that means that there is an error, because if the force is zero ( the jet doesnt touch the vane) the should be placed at the origin which means ? y=0 so F=0 4. F = m (uo = u) u ? uo because we neglect reduction of speed so that u=uo fo = 2muo but the force on the hemispherical cup less than twi ce that on the flat plate. 5. The effect on the calculated force on the flat plate if the jet was off-key to leave the plate at 1? upward will be a moment in the x-direction which will decrease the moment in the y-direction F=m (1. 9uo) and it wont effect the results too much. Conclusion As a conclusion, the experiment that have been carried out were successful, even though the data collected are a little bit difference compared to the theoretical value. The difference between the theoretical value and the actual value may mainly due to human and servicing factors such as parallax error. This error occur during observer captured the value of the water level. Besides that, error may occur during adjusting the level gauge to point at the white line on the side of the weight pan.Other than that, it also maybe because of the water valve. This error may occur because the water valve was not completely close during collecting the water. This may affect the time taken for the water to be c ollected. There are a lot of possibilities forth experiment will having an error. Therefore, the recommendation to overcome the error is ensure that the position of the observers eye must be 90 perpendicular to the reading or the position. Then, ensure that the apparatus functioning perfectly in order to get an accurate result.

Actions Of A Teacher Who Is Behaviorist

Actions of a teacher who is behaviorist As a behaviorist, you retrieve that eruditeness takes place when acquaintance is separated into smaller bits. Students argon rewarded for successful answers. Instruction foc employs on conditioning the learners behavior. Learning involves repetition and association and is highly mechanical. Behaviorist leaning teachers focus on a new behavioral pattern being repeated until it be begins automatic.(Schuman) The region of the behaviorist teacher is providing stimulus material and prompting the correct response, while the learners role is to be the receiver of the selective information response until the behavioral change is permanent. (Applications of Learning Theories) Teachers with a behaviorist leaning view errors as not enough conditioning. Without repetition and proper conditioning, students bequeath make mistakes. Behaviorism can also be thought of as a form of splitroom management. Behaviorists believe human beings are shaped enti rely by their external environs.If you alter a persons environs, you go out alter his or her thoughts, feelings, and behavior. The system is based on rewards and punishments. Behaviorists believe that if teachers provide unconditional reinforcement, or rewards, whenever students perform a desired behavior, they will learn to perform the behavior on their own. The same belief applies to punishments. Behaviorists think great deal act in response to internally or externally generated physical stimuli. They basically consider human nature to be the product of ones environment.An example of behaviorism is when teachers reward their conformation or certain students with a party or special treat at the end of the week for good behavior through and throughout the week. The same concept is used with punishments. The teacher can take away certain privileges if the student misbe becomes. 2. Actions of a teacher who is progressivist Progressivists believe that individuality, progress, a nd change are fundamental to ones education. Believing that people learn best from what they consider most relevant to their lives, progressivists center their curricula on the needs, experiences, interests, and abilities of students.Progressivist teachers try making school interesting and useful by planning lessons that levy curiosity. In a progressivist school, students are actively learning. The students interact with one an other(a) and develop social qualities such as cooperation and tolerance for different points of view. In tackition, students clear up problems in the schoolroom similar to those they will encounter in their everyday lives. Progressivists believe that education should be a process of ongoing growth, not on the dot a preparation for becoming an swelled. An obvious example of progressivism would be our class.We are in groups a lot and we actively learn through discussion. We talk somewhat how what we read can be incorporated into our future teaching caree rs. Dr. Theodore takes into account the suggestions from the previous semesters students and modifies his class accordingly. My polishions pg. 15 As a future teacher, I must ensure that I am prepared to organize my classroom in ways to inspire my students. I believe most strongly in the constructivist philosophy of teaching. I believe a constructivist teacher should be a guide for the student.My classroom will be full of motivational sacred scriptures and pictures, with bright colors. I want there to be something on every wall that will inspire my students to ask questions. I want my students to think critically with my guidance and support. I feel it is important for my students to feel safe within the walls of my classroom and feel free to explore their environment and create their own learning. Through experiences and investigation, the students within my classroom will continue to take steps forward to their educational and emotional development.I also believe that minorren should grow together. Although some students whitethorn be advanced, while others may have special needs, I think it is important to start at one point. Occasionally, some students may need scaffolding in order to feed the ability of other students, but through guidance and support I want to allow each child to grow individually. Differentiated instruction will be vital be to help assist students on different learning levels. Moreover, each students individuality should be considered when planning activities and molding each action mechanism for them personally.I want to ensure that each student is being challenged, no matter what their starting level may be. My educational philosophy is simple I believe all children have the right to an enriching education I believe all children are unique and need a safe and enriching environment to learn and grow, emotionally and aptly. Education is the stepping stone to a childs future and it is important to make sure every student learns wh at they need, in order to help them succeed in their adult lives.As a future teacher, the three areas I believe will make my classroom efficient and motivating to my students are (1) teaching as though I am guiding my students through the knowledge I present to them (2) giving my students the freedom to let their curiosity take them further and (3) promote my students to respect their peers and the things of the world. I plan to hold my students to the highest expectations because I feel that is my obligation. I want my students to know they can achieve anything, notwithstanding as long as they put their minds to it.I will be open-minded and will always encourage creative thinking. I want the activities my students participate in to be intrinsically motivating. The Russian psychologist Vygotsky emphasizes the idea of allowing students to employment together and help each other learn. This can be done through scaffolding assisting students in the early stages of learning and slowl y decreasing the financial aid and letting students figure things out independently. I want my students to learn through interactions with their peers and be able to use their minds and construct their own ideas about what information I give them.This idea comes from the constructivist theory of learning giving students the freedom to discover and apply ideas through the information they receive. My desire is to have the students be completely fulfil in learning new and even challenging things and that they are fully engaged in what they are learning. I want their learning to be of the purest nature and I want them to really enjoy every aspect of learning. I want my students to feel comfortable in my classroom, so I plan to come to class everyday with a smile, an open heart, and a sense of humor.Teaching comprises many aspects, but the one aspect I feel that is most important is divine guidance the minds of students, letting their curiosity take them into learning, and allowing t hem to enjoy the rewards of their achievements. That said, the importance of philosophy in education is the fact that it is the foundation in which all academic teaching and intellectual learning is built off. My future application pg. 16 Learning encompasses three broad domainsknowledge, behaviours and attitudes.When we create a positive environment for learning, we set the conditions for students to move through a range of behaviours in each domain, from simple to increasingly complex, until they achieve mastery of the grad learning outcomes. The challenge of creating a positive learning environment is one that all teachers face regardless of the physical environment in which learning takes place. Learning can occur in many settings, not just in the classroom. Accordingly, the term classroom in this book is used figuratively and includes a all-embracing range of learning environments.Creating a positive learning environment is the cornerstone of effective teaching. In order for our students to succeed, they must introductory believe they can succeed. Students must have confidence in their abilities and they must feel that the teacher shares that confidence. A positive learning environment nurtures these feelings by allowing students to explore and expand their knowledge without undue risk or fear. A positive environment is fostered when learning outcomes and expectations are clearly communicated to the student.Students have a wide range of learning needs and styles, and this variety must be taken into account in employing a variety of teaching strategies. The size of the classroom, the arrangement of the furniture, the functioning of equipment and other physical aspects of the class all contribute to, or detract from, the learning environment. When these factors can be manipulated to be positive influences, an environment more conducive to learning will be created. Creating a positive learning environment is the cornerstone of effective teaching.As teac hers we are accountable to our students, as well as to their future employers. Clearly , there is no one right confederacy of elements that will magically result in a positive climate for learning for every student. Creating and maintaining a positive learning environment is an ongoing process. Clearly, there is no one right combination of elements that will magically result in a positive climate for learning for every student. The methods you devise will be uniquely yours and will reflect your own personal style and the philosophy, direction, goals and skills of your particular program, faculty and students.You will bring your own creativity as a teacher to build on the wide variety of experience of teachers across a range of disciplines. In teaching and learning Teaching and Learning provides leadership, service, and support in the development, implementation, and dissemination of learning standards in all curriculum areas. We support school districts and their educators in deliv ering high quality instruction of the learning standards that ensures students achieve at high levels. Clarity of communication, collaboration, coordination, and commitment are the core values that guide our work.Addressing diversity of learners The guiding research question How well prepared pre-service teachers believe themselves to be to teach students of diversity? -provided an effective actor of ascertaining the effectiveness of one universitys teacher preparation program as it relates to this issue. Discovering the pre-service teachers perspective was germane to this study for identifying the degree to which the teacher preparation curricula and field-based experiences influenced their beliefs about diversity thus preparing them for teaching students of diversity.It became evident that these future teachers had differing meanings of diversity and there was a perceived disconnect between how well the curricula compared to their field experiences prepared them to teach divers (prenominal) populations. The purpose for conducting this study has been twofold. First, the objective was to learn how prepared the students in our teacher education program perceive themselves to be to teach the diverse student populations found in an ever-increasing amount of public schools. Learning this information can influence policy and practices in this Universitys teacher education program.Having conducted this study for this primary purpose, it is encouraging to have research drive decisions that address the issues of enhancing diversity training in teacher preparation programs. MY OBSERVATIONS 1. Classroom Arrangement The classroom I observed was the first grade class of Mrs. Wunderlin at Winchell Elementary School. The students desks were arranged into groups of six. I believe that the students desks were arranged into groups to promote social interaction, which builds a community for the students. When the students sit in groups it is easier for them to work as a team. The classroom also consisted of a reading area, which had a variety of books. There were picture books and chapter books that cover low, average and advanced reading levels. In the back corner of the room there was a math area. The math area had several containers of manipulative objects that students could use to solve mathematical problems such as rods and cubes. Along the back wall of the classroom were two computers. Above the computers were photographs of the students and above each photograph were a outline of a self-portrait created by that student.This is a great activity to use at the beginning of the year that helps students get to know the names and faces of their classmates. I really enjoyed aspect at them and will do this activity in the future. At the front of the classroom was the teachers desk next to the board. Beside the teachers desk was a word wall. Word walls are excellent tools to use in the classroom. On the board Mrs. Wunderlin had the daily schedule which was reading, spelling, lunch/activity, story time, math, music, social studies, and ending with science. Also on the board were a class number grid and a clock to learn how to tell time.Next to the board was a bulletin board that had a schedule on it. All these items are essential to have in a first grade classroom. It did seem that students shared ownership in the classroom. They are allowed to have water bottles on their desks and a toolbox as the teacher referred to it, which was a small plastic container that the students put their writing utensils in. Besides from allowing students to have items on their desks during class time, students didnt have to ask to use the restroom, they just get up even when the teacher is talking.The students also had a respect guide that was placed on the wall so they can always refer to it. The respect guide is, for every letter in the word respect stood for a word that students should get married in the classroom. The letter R for responsibili ty, E for effort, S for solving problems, P for perseverance, E for empathy, C for confidence, and T for teamwork. I loved this idea and will add it to my list of things to have in my classroom. 2. Bulletin board display I went around the School Areas and I saw different Bulletin Board Displays located from the first to third floor.In every level of Basic Education, they have their own bulletin board display. Some are colorful and some are simple. The circumscribe found are the list of the pupils with their pictures, lists of their subjects and their academic performances, schedules, word for the day, eye-openers, legacy of excellence, achievements, and the like. There are no misspelled words used in the display, the messages are clear, on the nose and consistent, the colors and designs always suit the interest and age of the pupils. 3. School playground I love going there its such a solemnization of the carefree spirit that all kids possess.The rear entrance to the school requir es a short walk across two huge sports fields, which are always sedulous by screaming, laughing, playing, running kids. There are books and chapters in books and no doubt countless pages on the internet describing various techniques for undertaking this part of a childs assessment. Over the years I have practiced, I must have looked at hundreds of examples. For a parent or teacher seeking information on utterance techniques it must seem very confusing. The following techniques are the methods I have settled on and used successfully for years both(prenominal) are very simple.I always use both techniques sometimes in sequence but more often in tandem. If you are new to observation I would suggest doing them in sequence, you will naturally begin to use them in tandem as you gain experience. All you need is a look pad a pen and a watch. 4. Learning resource center Learning resources can be broadly defined to include books, libraries, bookstores, consultants, teachers, newspapers and journals, computers, on-line run just about anything that will either act as a source of learning or as a point of access to other learning resources.Until we start looking for them, many of us are unaware of the existence of these resources or under-estimate their potential value 1. Class routines Co-Curricular Activities are positive outgrowths and extensions of the steadfast curriculum in the schools. A co-curricular activity is one generated for a class or course, with the idea that all students participating in the class or course may be involved. Extra-curricular activities are those which contribute to the spirit of the school, personal growth of the participant and the positive aspects of school participation but do not assert credit.

Social Media Advertising

Internet Advertising Social Networking First Name defy Name BUS 123 Introduction To Advertising Dr. First name and last name September 26, 2010 Internet Advertising Now more than ever, small businesses stooge promote themselves online by targeting customers and expanding their networks, often for little or no cost. Businesses brush aside promote themselves through a variety of techniques such as targeting customers by demographics, bring to online discussions and drawing attention to new services.Advertising in the 21st century has become very versatile because of various online tender websites like Facebook and Twitter, along with opposite blog atmosphere websites like Pinterest and Craigs heel. In the last decade, the explosion of technological advances has produced unprecedented events in the history of mankind. One of them is the Internet and its conversion into a new medium for grocerying and the use of social communication in publicizing. Inevitably, the profit has cha nged our lives. Intraditional media, newspapers, radioand televisioncan cause cultivation clotand change the perceptionof the interview (Janoschka, 2004).TheInternet is nonexempt from thisdanger, buthas the dominance todo something different,becauseit can directly urinatethe target auditionand move with it. A function of memory is to forget, especially information that is not significant. The challenge of publicise is to make you remember the ads. The purpose is to sell. The good publicity convinces the viewer to sully the product. This requires creating an attractive brand image and strengthening it with to individually one ad. Advertising employs both verbal and nonverbal elements that atomic number 18 composed to fill particular(prenominal) space and prison term formats determined by the sponsor.Advertising reaches people through a channel of communication referred to as a medium. Today, technology enables advertising to reach its target audience efficiently through the Internet. In the 1990s, the Internet became a major part of American society and is the fastest growing type of advertising. Its more than just banner ads, it factor cosmic format synergistic ads, take care- engine marketing, creating special promo videos for web download and supporting TV ads with online sites. Communication among people all over the world is effortless, and information on almost any topic is just a few keystrokes away. As a public global platform open to all kinds of information, entertainment, and communication, ane of which is online advertising, it has become the latest mass medium. (Janoschka, 2004). Internet technology allows delivering the right message to the right person at the right time while helping advertisers to reach their audience. Fromthe moment thesurferentersthe web to search for information, pop ups appear allowing the audience to subscribe tomailing lists thatwill sendcontinuousnews, promotions, articles, etc. , depending on their preferences.This allows the vendorto betterreach its targetand maintaincontinuouscommunicationin the shortesttime possible. .Most online ads do not come to you as an individual, but by your interests in various subjects, your location or, in general, by your behavior during internet navigation. In most countries, it is possible to divide the audience by geographic area establish on IP address, which facilitates advertising companies that offer products and services in those areas. Websites use demographic info to learn more their audience.When registering with a portal or website, you commonly provide certain personal information such as your age, gender, hobbies, etc. With this information, websites offer relevant content and advertisements based on the information provided. Some companies set in a data collection process known as behavioral advertising which matches ads to the interests of users based on their surfing habits. As users browse, advertisers collect data on their o nline activity sites visited, time spent on each ad demonstraten, ads that were clicked, when and how often you click on the banners.Today, cookies are tools that allow advertisers to target advertising to specific audiences and segments. Comparedwith traditional mediathe cost ofinternet advertising isextremely low, andbecause of its effectivenessand its high potential for growth, it isidealfor smalland medium businesses thatdo not have largeresources to investin other media. Then the questionsarise howto advertiseonline? What is thecorrect wayto? There is nomagic formulathat a media planner can you use but here are some suggestions. Due to the internet being global, the network gives the possibility to reach all audiences in the world.With internet advertising one mustinclude,email,search engineregistration, and banners which areads withmotion graphics whichare located in differentsitesof the networkas a accessioninputto a website. Using email as a form of advertisement is easy a nd free. All that is required is to sign up for email with your internetservice provideror afreemailserversuch as Yahoomail or Gmail and send emails tothe potentialcustomers withoffersor informationon products. According to Arens, Google is the most popular destination on the web reaching an astonishing 40 percent of all Web users each day (pg 337).Search engines are only responsible for registering portal websites and their content and then delivery the results to the users who made requests for information. The following is an example of how a search engine works. A user uses the search engineof their choice andasks to findcompaniesthat exporttomatoes. The search engine willsendin responsewith a list of websites of companiesthat fulfillthe request andthen the user canenterthe different sitesto seewhat they need and select the company that considerstheir requirements.Thebanner systemisone meansof internet advertisingthat is more effective You can choosethe categoriesto be displayed andinclude descriptive wordsto detectif the user islooking for that particular product. Thebannersare similar to therotatingbannerbutthe difference is thatthe user can interactwith them. As in anyproject,internet advertisingshould beginby doa strategic plan. The result will bebetter planning ofa website andthe ability to maintainthe users attentionand customer loyalty.The presence of internet advertising will be an excellent complement to traditional media advertising and may end up becoming one of the priorities of advertisers. For now, more and more ads in the media utter the direction taken by advertisers along with customer care and other services of interest. User forums, blogsandsocial networkingsites like Facebook and Twitterare invaluable resourcesfor supervisecompanies reputationsand interests ofconsumers of services andproducts. Facebook is the largest social network in the world with more than 500 million people connected to each other. Facebook has not surpassed Yahoo o be the second most popular site on the web behind Google. Facebooks popularity has increased due to the ability to connect individuals without geographical barriers. The uniqueness of Facebook allows people to meet virtually to discuss and share their interests with each other (Arens, Schaefer, Weigold, 2011). There are 60 million status updates posted every day in over 65 languages. Facebooks audience is far superior to any other mass medium like TV channels, radio or press Facebook has revolutionized advertising not only by the size of its audience, but also by the engineering behind its operation.It allows an analytical and intelligent marketing to reach the precise target audience through market segmentation according to gender, age, geographic location, country, city and locality, educational level, likes, interests, product preferences, favorite activities, favorite programs and language. For example, it is now possible to know without extensive market research which countr ies have the largest number of youth between 18 and 35 years and who love rock music, football and a certain brand of beer.Having a presence in social media is a must have for most brands. Facebook created Pages for businesses to post information about their services or products. When using a search engine, your Facebook Page will be one of the main results of your search. Consumers have tremendous power and influence on a brand and trust recommendations of other consumers they hold outt know. According to Barefoot, Groups and applications gain popularity one friend of a friend of a friend at a time (Barefoot, pg 174).The result is friends becoming fans or joining groups encouraging them to purchase a product or service that is being discussed or advertised. Twitter is still a very popular social media networking site, although adoption is declining. Compared to Facebook, Twitter has 50 million tweets created each day and the average Twitter account has an average of 300 followers. Social networking is important to marketers because it gives them the opportunity to show customers that they are listening to what they have to say about a brand or product and respond accordingly.The possibilities are endless. It is common fororganizations to provide direct consumermessages cursoryon Twitter, maintaina Facebook page, or dependingon your industryalsoa profileon MySpace. Social networking has completely changed the way we communicate with each other. Everyone has a voice and an outlet to reach millions of people instantly with either Facebook or Twitter. The internetisan advertising mediumwith a great futurebecause it is interactivecan be customized ordelivered to usersaccording to theirpreferences.There isimmediate feedbackand can communicatedirectlywith usersto resolve their doubts andconcerns and witha global reach. The internetbringsgreat potentialfor use inthe fieldof marketing, market research,direct marketing,sales promotion, trade mail and, of course,advert ising communication. As a societywe must be watchfulto confront andtake advantage ofthe opportunitiesthis new technologygives us. References Arens,W. , Schaefer, D. , & Weigold, M. (2012). Advertising. McGraw Hill Irwin. New York

Coffee mate study case Essay

drinking chocolate match is made up of dried glucose and vegetable fat and it is considered as non-dairy although it contains take out(p) derivatives. Some of them are liquid, others are reduced-fat and others are gelt free. at that place are withal seasonal produces that go away keep you warm during the season, flavors exclusively available from September through December.The brand is composed by 33 different products for each one of them aimed at different consumers depending on their preferences, this is explained with what is called Product Line Filling a product foundation be offered with different characteristics, it first creates a product (in the case of cocoa teammate, its first product, the Coffee Mate The Original, was the starting point). Then, the company adds more features to that product, and that way it lowlife be more differentiated from its competitors products.There are some(prenominal) reasons why a company might want to add more items to the pres ent range of the line. It may want to increase profits, uptake the excess capacity it has, satisfying new consumers and that way, to increase the number of buyers Consumers are increasingly getting concerned about what they are eating and what companies offer them. The leaning over the past few long time is consuming products made up of natural ingredients. That is why Coffee Mate has created Natural Bliss, which is made up with merely four simple ingredients draw, beat, sugar and natural flavor. When a company increases the number of products in the brand, sometimes it toilet reclaim itself in a situation of cannibalization (it happens if wizard part of a company grows by taking sales from another).Actual consumers can change from a variety to the new one so in that respect is no benefit taken from new consumers. The company must focus on potential consumers, strain to answer to the question, why some people do not buy our product? And create a new flavor that can attract new buyers. However when Coffee MateLite was introduced, the playscript of cannibalization was minimal. The brand experienced a growth of 10% during the first 3 years of the Lite version appearance.Another key point to add customer value to the product is throughout the design, the pack, the wrap of the product. At first, the package of the product had only one mission, to hold and protect the product inside, but nowadays promotion has become an important tool in market placeing. Coffee Mate has different formats 170 g, 311 g, 450 g, 750g, or 1.4kg. All the flavors can be found in both powder or liquid. Negatives about dried milk (powder) are that it may be bought only for emergency when consumers run out of milk and is considered to be awkward to prepare. On the other side, java creamers have a better image across non-users as they see it as almost a treat and force coffee taste so much better.SWOT ANALYSISIn order to make a good market compendium of the company, we have performed an analysis of advantages and limitations, selected a targeting strategy, performed separateation and positioning, and analyzed the convenience of the proposed ad. +STRENGTHSConsumers claim that Coffee Mate gives better taste to coffee Coffee Mate is said to relax and powderpuff consumers, it gives a good perception of the product. Coffee Mate belongs to Nestle, which is well-known and prestigious brand -WEAKNESSESSometimes seen as an emergency optionIt contains added sugar in it in some of its versions, which is seen as a bad habit for those who care about health +OPPORTUNITIESLite version (has increased sales lately)-THREATSSales of creamers and dried milk are directly proportional to coffee sales, so in these times the reduction on coffee consumption may result on visit sales. It is considered to be an artificial product, and this goes against the increasing concern for natural and healthy food and drinksTARGETING, SEGMENTATION and POSITIONINGTo optimize marketing bu dget is key to target the market segments that better fit Coffee Mates strengths. The company must decide which and how many segments it will target. Market targeting can be taken at different levels very broadly (mass marketing), very narrowly (micro marketing) or somewhere in between (differentiated or concentrated marketing). We have decided that Coffee Mate should be aimed at multiple segments and use concentrated marketing.Mass marketing market strategy in which a firm decides to ignore market segment differences and go after the whole market with one offer. In this case this strategy will not fit with coffee mate fore several reasons 1. It is difficult to develop a product that will satisfy all segments 2. Coffee Mate will have trouble competing with more product-focused firms Micro marketing target marketing in which companies tailor their marketing programs to the needs and wants of narrowly defined segments. Given the recently squeezed advertising budget, choosing only one segment will result in less profitability.Concentrated marketing (or niche marketing) market strategy in which a firm goes after a large touch of few submarkets. By doing this Coffee Mate could achieve a stronger market position that its actual 55% market share. It can market more efficaciously targeting each product toward those consumers segments that it can serve best. Having decided that Coffee Mate products should be aimed at multiple segments we need now to evaluate the attractiveness of each segment and their fit to Coffee Mates strengths. TGI Users Surveys covering coffee and creamers markets came up with five potential groups of consumers for Coffee Mate 1. Experimentalists (15.4%) a corresponding(p) to try new things whoop it up spending moneyHeavy users of instant coffeeBelow-average users of creamers BUT average users of Coffee Mate. 15-44 yearsMiddle incomeHeavy users of media uphold up with the fashion, are stylish and will try anything new. Socialize often and holid ay abroad deal to treat themselvesNot really using Coffee Mate, as one would have expected.2. Cost constrained, older, conservative (23.6%)Budget when shopping, price mindful, look for lowest pricesVery traditionalWorry about food clean-cut users of instant coffeeNever use creamAverage users of dried milk BUT not really users of Coffee Mate 55+ yearsNot working or retired misfortunate household incomeVery conservative, like routineSocialize rarely3. Affluent, vernal foodies (24.4%)Light users of mediaHeavy users of coffee and strand coffeeAbove-average users of creamers and most often buy Coffee Mate and Marvel Users of cream35-54 yearsAbove-average income and work full-timeHigh expenditure on groceries store.Enjoy cooking and trying out new foodLike socializingHealth consciousCan leave to treat themselves4. Cost constrained, young families (13.9%)Low incomesNot concerned about health or environmentHeavy users of instant coffee but do not use ground coffeeBelow-average users of creamers and never use cream15-34 yearsHeavy users of mediaLow expenditure on grocery storeRarely go out (cant afford to)5. Affluent (22.7%)Not price conscious, well offOld (55+)Not health consciousNot media awareThe people most likely to be buying Coffee-MateDo not want to try new things.After evaluating the different segments, we have concluded that the segment most likely to buy our product will be the EXPERIMENTALISTS and AFFLUENT YOUNG FOODIES. EXPERIMENTALISTS fit into Coffee Mates strengths (specially for Original Coffee Mate) in various ways a) Social break up (lower)b) Household type (2-3 people with children)Besides this, they are heavy users of media and are likely to consume instant coffee and cream. AFFLUENT YOUNG FOODIES fit into Coffee Mates average consumer for Coffee Mate Lite because of several reasons a) Age segmentb) Income levelc) Working timeThe ad clearly pictures copious young foodies with their After Eights and tea with another couple of the same group. I t tries to compare both cream and CoffeeMate while stating that the latter is so much better when Jane runs out of cream and the guests praise her for their second loving cup of coffe more than the first one.The ad makes two clear statements The first one, that the consumer always has a backup plan for when milk/cream runs out, since CoffeeMate is easy to store and lasts long enough. After macrocosm served the second cup, the guests show their enthusiasm for it because of the taste. This implies that while being a backup plan for cream lovers, it also turns out to be a much better substitute good for cream or even milk. Whether this ad is effective or not depends on the segment that we focus on.The biggest segment, the wet young foodies -24.4% market share according to the study- can only grow with this ad. Even if theyve nevertried it before, the ad will make the product appealing to them by insisting on the grand flavor and the convenience of it, which is what most of this grou p looks for. Furthermore, it seems that the experimentalists are affluent young foodie wannabes. They are the same age group, they are really materialistic but they have a much smaller income than the former segment. This is why it looks like the ad could have this group as potential customers.They watch the ad, they want to act like those affluent people and they buy the product so they can reach that status at least in one aspect. They just follow suit in everything that has to do with the rich and hip. This is where we see the biggest increase in share due to their consumerism and pretentiousness.Lastly, we could squeeze another segment that this ad could reach the affluent. The affluent segment has also got a big market share, although they are older than the two studied groups. CoffeeMate is trying to show in this ad that it is reliable and that its always a good backup plan, and older people can be interested in the product since they have people home for meals, and they would not want to run out of anything and not make their guests fully happy.The only downside for this segment is that they dont usually watch TV or listen to the radio, so the ad would have to be in the newspapers or find a way to sneak into their radar.Alternatively, if the focus on experimentalists is desired we would recommend, instead of making a conventional ad, promoting the product and the brand via Twitter or Facebook. These are such powerful tools for targeting this segment since they are young and they are really influenced by what they see in others that social media could really boost up sales. This could be done by creating a page of Coffee Mate and uploading cool things, making the brand interact with their potential customers. See figure 1.ANNEX mannequin 1Coffee Mate is part of a growing number of businesses that use social mediamarketing in their efforts to gain exposurebut also to build relationships with their customers and get permission to market to them directlyas long as they do it in a soft, acceptable fashion.The promotion would need to be shaped so that they would focus on the core benefits that the Coffee-Mate offers. This has to be at least as good as the targeted competitor. They also have to be aware of how the competitor currently markets his product. By knowing how he operates they could either copy and improve the existing one or then completely change and try a more radical approach. If the Coffee-Mate would want to succeed they would need to convince the consumer how he can benefit from our product better in contrast to the competitor.As we have seen before, for example in the ad, Coffee-Mate has a range of benefits which are focused on different necessities of coffee drinkers such as being a great backup plan for when milk/cream runs out, since Coffee-Mate is easy to store and lasts long enough or having a myriad of different flavors which can in many occasions be a better substitute for milk or cream, which are the immediate co mpetitors of Coffee-Mate.When having to advertise (twitter, TV ads, newspaper, etc) the product focusing on the benefits and the opposition targeted, the promotion of Coffee-Mate should include (as the ad pictures perfectly) the disadvantages the other competitors have, such as running out of cream or milk more often or being a dull boring flavor and on the other hand state the great range of flavors Coffee-Mate offers coffee lovers which will certainly attract experimentalists as they look forward to try new experiences and insist that it is a great substitute when cream or milk run out, which for affluent young foodies as they are more likely to socialize and serve coffee to their guests, will be a much more suitable and comfortable option.ExperimentalistsMarketing meat persuading, getting people aware of our product by advertisements. A company banks on the idea that a celebrity will drive fans to try a product or service, simply because Celebrity X has it. To persuade our cust omers (experimentalists), we have chosen for our ad of Coffee Mate Blake Lively drinking a cup of coffee.We have chosen this celebrity to attract the experimentalists due to the fact that is a Hollywood personality known by almost all the young people, we canconsiderate her as a fashion icon, she started to get famous with Gossip Girl and nowadays people around 15 to 24 consider her as an prototype, This ad goes directly directed to the experimentalist, as their name suggest, experimentalists are easy targeting as they would like to try out new products. They also have uplifted media awareness and are status conscious and fashionable.Affluent, young foodiesLight users of mediaHeavy users of coffee and ground coffeeAbove-average users of creamers and most often buy Coffee Mate and Marvel Users of cream35-54 yearsAbove-average income and work full-timeHigh expenditure on groceries store.Enjoy cooking and trying out new foodLike socializingHealth conscious, can afford to treat themsel vesRichard GereRichard Gere is a well-known actor, even though he is now in his early sixties he is an icon for many men as the prototype of an attractive, handsome man which may enter in the ideal standard of living of anyone, taking into sum up his films and social apparitions.Many women also know him for the same reasons and may see him as the perfect man. As the target market here are affluent young foodies, whose characteristics are stated above, a middle-high standard of living, the possibility of affording to treat themselves and the age group make it perfect for him to help position Coffee-Mate in this segment, as many of these people would like to copy his lifestyle. Noticing Richard Gere prefers Coffee-Mate might make this group want to drink coffee as he does.BibliographyCoffee Mate Offical website http//www.coffee-mate.comNon dairy farm Creamers Info http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-dairy_creamerCoffee Mate twitter https//twitter.com/Coffee_matePrinciples of Marketing, Fifth European Edition

Kfc Essay Essay

It has grown enormously fol minoring its fragile birth, splashing in scintillating numbers in both franchisees and friendship owned stores entirely over. The companys prime strength lies in providing high-quality chicken meals to its huge consumer low every(prenominal) over the universe of discourse. Now every day, more(prenominal) than 12 million customers are served at KFC restaurants in 109 countries and territories around the world. KFC operates more than 5,200 restaurants in the United States and more than 15,000 units around the world. The company has strong reaping identification through its branding, advertising as wellhead as packaging signifies the company in various manner.The famed paper bucket that KFC uses for its larger sized orders of chicken, its logos and the famous picture of Harland Sanders, the initial founder, all represent KFC in the most colorful way. KFCs specialty is fried chicken served in various forms. However the recipe of 11 herbs and spices used by KFC in preparation of their chicken still remains a trade secret. KFCs primary overlap is pressure-fried pieces of chicken made with the original recipe. The otherwise chicken allegeing, extra crispy, is made using a garlic marinate and double dipping the chicken in flour before deep frying in a standard industrial kitchen type machine.Despite KFCs victory as a company, the agile viands organization had faced many problems over the years. There were mostly purlieual solvents that had influenced their product grocery storeing and in period they had inherited new ways and different techniques to cater their fast intellectual nourishment products. Animal Cruelty Since 2003, the animal rights group People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), declare been protesting KFCs treatment of the animals used for its products with the Kentucky Fried Cruelty campaign.PETA states that they bring in held more than 12,000 demonstrations at KFC outlets since 2003 becaus e of alleged mistreatment of chickens by KFC suppliers. Alleged rainforest destruction In may 2012, Greenpeace accused KFC of sourcing paper pulp for its food packaging from Indonesian rainforest wood. Independent forensic tests showed that some packaging contained more than 50 per cent commingle tropical hardwood fibre, sourced from Asia Pulp & Paper Macro environment KFC operates in a larger big environment of forces that creates opportunities, but also threats.A company such as KFC usually cannot influence trends in the macro environment, as they affect people and organisations on a larger scale. However, KFC has to carefully examine macro environmental trends and must create competitive responses to such trends. There are six major macro environmental forces KFC has to take into account. Micro environment The microenvironment consists of all forces that are close to KFC, and on which KFC has an impact. They directly affect KFCs ability to serve its customers. Three major components influence KFCs microenvironmentCOMPETITORS Because the fast food merchandise is highly competitive, KFC faces a wide number of direct and indirect competitors. KFCs main competitors are fast food chains such as McDonalds and Dominos, which are already well formal throughout the world. McDonaldss in particular is a direct competitor, as they have already successfully introduced their Salads plus line, which directly targets healthy food conscious world we live in. But, there are a number of other competitors that is also focusing on chicken types products.All this competition makes it quite difficult for KFC to maintain or even broaden their customer base. However, with the introduction of a new and healthy product range, KFC can differentiate itself from most competitors and testament gain a competitive advantage. CUSTOMERS KFCs customer grocery consists solely of the consumer market. KFCs products are bought by individuals (males, females, singles, and families). The refore, the product range KFC offer should appeal to as many people within this consumer market as possible, to ensure that the maximum amount of products can be sold.The characteristics of these individuals and a segmentation of them are discussed later in this report. Strengths and weakness of competitors Strengths 38 products, Attractive Outlets, Huge Marketing, Budget, More entertainment for kids Weaknesses Same type of Menu, No Home sales pitch How they compete with their competitors? It is found that KFC compete its competitors by five ways KFC compete its competitors through marketing strategy They offered different packages at different events the likes of Ramadan offer, midnight offer etc. KFC compete their competitors by providing proper services They must hired the hard selling persons to market their product in the market and motivate their employees for the sake of organizations and employees do well and they compete there competitors KFC has quality products and thr ough these quality products they compete their competitors Current Sales Analysis Market appoint Market Share KFC has a very unyielding history and has the most recognize able brand in chicken with over 50% of the market share. It becomes difficult for the companies like Sub way, Mc Donalds, Chicken planet, Dixie or those who may want to enter in the market of fast food restaurants.Due to with over 50% of the market share in fast food industry KFC has recognition around the world and has been globally positioned for many years in and to capture the market share in adopting a chicken loving experience. Environmental factors and opportunities Political The operations of KFC are affected by the government policies on the regulations of fast food operation. currently government are controlling the marketing of fast food restaurant because of health concern such as cardiovascular and cholesterol issue and obesity among the young and children in the country.Governments also control the license yieldn for open the fast food restaurant and other business regulation bespeak to follow such as for a franchise business. Good relationship with government in giving mutual benefits such as employment and impose is a must for the company to succeed in any foreign market. Economic Though for last 1 year there was economic stave all across the globe but the sales of KFC and other fast food chains did not slow down to that extent that of other sectors in. The gross domestic product (Purchasing Power Parity) is estimated at2. 965 trillion U. S. dollars in the year 2010.The GDP- per Capita (PPP) was 2700 U. S. dollars as estimated in 2008. The GDP- real growth rate in 2007was 8. 7%. India has the third highest GDP in imp oxygenizement of purchasing power parity in effect(p) ahead Japan and behind U. S. and china. Foreign direct investment rose in the fiscal year cease March 31 2007 to about $16 billion from just $5. 5 billion a year earlier. Socio cultural India is the second most populous race in the world with an approximate population of over 1. 1billion people. This population is divided in the following age structure 0-14 years 31. 8%, 15-64 years 63. % and 65years and supra 5. 1%. There has also been a continuous increase in the consumption of fast food in India. The social trend toward fast good consumption is changing and India has seen an increase of 90% fast food consumption from the year 2002-2007. This increase is far greater than the increase in the BRIC nations of Brazil (20 per cent), Russia (50 per cent) and China (almost 60 per cent). Thus this shows a positive trend for fast food industries in India. Technological The fast food Industry is thaw up with a lot of foreign players entering the market.The technological knowhow and expertise will also enter the market with an increase in competition. With the pass up rates and increase technology the fast food counters are attracting youth by giving them attractive deals. For e. g. KFC and Dominos pizza. For a fast food restaurant, technology does not give a very high impact on the company and it is not a significant macro environment variables. However KFC should be looking to competitors groundwork and improve itself in term of integrating technology in managing its operation.For example in inventory system, supply chain management system to manage its supply, voiced payment and ordering systems for its customers and wireless internet technology. Implementation of technology can make the management more effective and cost saving in the long term. This will also make customer happy if cost savings results in price decline or promotional campaign discount which will benefits them from time to time. Environmental As one of world largest consumer of beef, potatoes and chicken, KFC always had been critics for world environmentalist.This is because high consumption of beef causing the green house effect by methane gasses coming from the cows ranch. Large-sca le plantation has effect the environment and lost of green forest opening for plantation activities. Vegetarian environmentalist criticizes the fast-food giant for rigorousness to animals and slaughtering. In America, once KFC want to introduce whale burger causing uproar because whales are endangered species. Before using paper packaging, KFC once had been criticized for being deadened to pollution because of using ne based packaging for its food products.Imagine millions of people purchase from fast food operator and how is the impact to world environment by throwing away those hard to recycle packaging. Our world is getting concern on environment issue and business operating here should not just care for profit, but careful usage of world resources for sustainable development and care for environment safety and health for our future generation. Critics and concern from all popular or activist should bare view and support if necessary to ensure we play our social responsibility better. Legal factorsAs a certified fast food operator, there are many regulations and procedures that KFC should follow. For example is the Halal certification that becomes a concern to Muslim consumers. KFC should protect its integrity and consumer confidence by ensuring all materials and process are as claimed or must followed. Other legal exigency that the business owner should follow as stipulated in laws are such as operating hours, business registration, tax requirement, labor and employment laws and quality & environment certification (such as ISO) in which the outlet has been certified.The legal requirement is important because the offenders will be fined or have their business prohibited from operating which can be disastrous. KFC India -BCG Matrix Boston Consultancy Group (BCG) Matrix Currently KFC have launched a new product in the market. They have also tried to come into the beverages market by launching its new brand of shakes called KRUSHERS. As it is a fairly n ew product it comes in the category of the Question Mark in the BCG Matrix. It has a low market share thus brings low revenue. KFC is advertising a lot to popularize this product so there is a lot of expenditure on it.This product is individually not bring any profits and is a cash drain for the company. Company may decide to completely remove this product from the market if it does not do well soon and start bringing in revenue. Business macro-environmental factors The company and all the other actors operate in a larger macro-environment of forces, including political, economic, cultural, technological, legal and ecological factors, which function opportunities and pose threats to the company. Political and legal regulatory affect the strategic development of KFC Corporation, which made the US market more challenging.Example- Forbidding the use of trans-fat cooking rock oil mandating calorie counts on menus,removing advertisement from kids programme, and even prohibiting from m aking unconfirmed claims concerning nutritional value and losing weight benefits. All of these may seriously frustrate the free flow of goods within a group and from suppliers and consumer demand. According to the Institute for the World Economy, the aggregation of financial crisis continues to result in negative result to the world economy and generate a strong downturn in the entire restaurant industry, which leads to the falling of US unit expansion from 3. % of 2006 to 2. 4% of 2007. On the other hand, fewer costs as compared with healthier food helped KFC and the entire fast food industry to grow rapidly. Moreover, KFC can increase profit margins with chicken which is lower in cost compared to other meat. With the ever-increasing impact of health consciousness, like obesity, among consumers, its increasingly hard for KFC to keep its original product mix and alternatively motivate them to offer healthier foods (threat). In contrast, under the slump chicken consumption in Europ e and Asia market owing to the outbreak of avian flu, US market still shows an image of rising.Furthermore, hurried and changing lifestyle of people along with convenient and tasty characters of foods, which offered numerous business opportunities for KFC Corporation. The innovation in technology offers march on development possibilities to fast food industry. However, owing to equipment problems, KFC lost its Rotisserie Chicken market which had achieved a huge success in non-fried chicken area. Restaurants are known to have very high levels of energy intensity due to their relatively small building size and the amount of cooking, heating, and refrigeration needed to prepare and serve food to customers.Due to these high levels of energy use, we continue to focus our efforts on reducing our energy intensity in both new and existing restaurants. In 2006 KFC established a goal to reduce energy usage in the U. S. company-owned restaurants by 12 percent from 2005 levels by the end of 20 09. They achieved a 14% reduction through the application of numerous energy conservation measures (ECMs). In addition to reducing energy consumption, these ECMs resulted in the elimination of over 117,000 metric tons of CO2 per year from the atmosphere.The KFC China division has also recognized the need to focus on energy conservation and has become actively involved in implementing ECMs over the agone few years. Their efforts have resulted in the elimination of over 5300 metric tons of CO2 per year. Greenpeace, a conservational and environmental organization in 46 countries, has accused Cargill concerning the sinful exportation of soya to KFC for its chicken food supplied. Changing consumers perception about KFC is arisen among analyst and specialist and forthright.In respect to the accusations has actively retrofit existing restaurants with more efficient lighting systems. During 2009, 190 restaurants in China had their interior linear fluorescent lamps upgraded to a more effic ient version resulting in a reduction of over 600 metric tons of CO2 per year. Heating, Ventilation amp Air Conditioning (HVAC) In 2006, Yum made the commitment to standardize high efficiency air conditioning systems for all U. S. restaurants. Since then, over 1800 high-efficiency air conditioning units have been installed with slightly over 600 taking place in 2008 and 2009.These 600 + installations have reduced our CO2 proceeds by 10,500 metric tons per year. In China, the engineering team developed the means to overcome water hardness issues compromising the efficiency of certain heating devices used in our KFC kitchens. Their solution enabled the equipment to operate at peak efficiency which eliminated over 4200 metric tons of CO2 per year. In conclusion, KFC had used all its macro environment factors efficiently it had improved its product in terms of packaging technology, its cooking methods and most important heath wise keeping in bear in mind the external affect on the env ironment.

Carribean Adventures

I am Sandra Gaskins, born in California. I have completed MBA from Anderson School of watchfulness in 2008, did graduation in commerce streams from University of American inter Continental and schooling from Belmont Senior high school.During my MBA course, I did summer internship in American express as a Management Trainee, where my job profile was to work with the travel counselor and prepare the project report on delivery of quality services to the customers. During this program I realized my strengths, which are better communication adroitness, handling the queries of customers and working in teams.About my family background my father is running a privately owned business of textiles and produce is a home maker. I have one sibling pursuing BBA. I am keen to work with the Carribean Adventures, since the profile of Travel Counselor requires the skill of customer service and ability to work under pressure and I am familiar with the workings and dealings of travel counselors as I worked in the same field during internship. I had a great learning during internship. There I learnt about the customer values, needs and what quality means to them. Along with this, I had a selling experience and learnt how to coordinate in teams, which ultimately enhanced my problem solving capabilities and all these qualities form the core in order to turn over the travel counselor.Apart from this, I possess a sound knowledge of geographical locations, as it was one of my hobbies to gather the information related to the diversities in the places and examine the human psychology. Therefore, based on the above mentioned qualities and my sheer determination towards the work that is assigned to me, I can say that I will be the adapted candidate for this post.

Nokia Strategy Analysis Essay

1.Does Nokia feature a truly global strategy, rather than just a series of regional strategies? Explain.Yes, it does relieve cardinalself a global strategy. The global strategy of Nokia is the beation of tout ensemble the regional strategies and that is based on overall consumer needs. They found out the of import consumer needs is chargeed on selling results ( hollers) as lowest price all over the world with its candid, easy and basic models. Also beside that Nokia has series of regional strategies that subprogram most ripe technologies in terms of Camera, music and na nonechnology which is the future feature of the phones in e flexible shape and the even sotually not the least is focusing on the business organisation parleys to compete with other companies in the intentness and custody its position as the market leader. Therefore they placed their strategy in 3 facets 1. growing the add up of bulk using Nokia, 2. transforming the devices people use. 3. buidling new businesses.2.Consider the different global marketing environments discussed in the text. How do these environments differ in developing versus developed countries?Developing countries African, Asian, Latin American countries and Middles East region have the graduate(prenominal)est sale volumes in a way that the half of the world population have cell phones and one of the three hold a Nokia phone, as China and India atomic number 18 among the countries with highest estimate of population and also got the highest number of sales, as an example 70 mil phones were sold in China in 2007 that is 38% to a greater extent than the previous years sales. Basically the high demand for this product in these regions is for simplicity and exploiter friendly system that the Nokia has along with its cheap price, as most of the people in these regions have in truth low income and in some place the roving is shared by dozen of people who even cannot read or write ( mostly in Africa). In thes e regions (African-Asia) the main aim is connecting one person to another, could be a honest greeting phone call, or a simple test message. It does not matter if its colorful or black and white, or if it has a camera or kind group connection such as Facebook, Twiter or so on. The simple lifestyle entrust endure the same in the usage ofthe phone as the phone will not stop the radiation diagram people gathering and family meetings while in the Developed countries it varys.Developed countries Europe consists of 39% of Nokias last(a) Sale. It was not explained in the text what is the attraction of the European towards Nokia, but I assume it is based on the different features that each phone has that is different from another phone and also the user friendly engineering that is used can be another reason as other competitors phones are a musical composition difficult to get used to. The U.S. simply consists of 5% of the Nokias sale and the reason could be the peoples attractio n is towards the most advanced technology smart phone that includes all the required and necessitous application in one slim size and light weighted smart phone and this is why most Americans seek competitors phone like, Iphone, Samsung, LG, Sony and Motorella and Black Berry phones. In terms of environment U.S is the place of business and fast communication, no double in this place the level of education is very high and simple phones are not the demand of the smart and highly educated individuals, they look for most advanced technology and the simplicity is not their main aim. They try to save time for meeting, gathering by a simple video call, or chat or so on which is the lifestyle of the people of the developed countries.3.Discuss Nokias global strategy in terms of the five global product and communications strategies. Nokia, tries to get highest number of Nokia users not just through the low cost and simple mobiles that are mostly sold in the developing countries, it is als o trying to grow in the niche markets that other competitors are focusing on such as the touch screen phones that were first introduced by Apples, and music focus products such as i-pod, in camera is competing with other phones and Canon as having more sales than Canons, and the business communication phones with advanced technology phones. The high amount of investment in R&D and expanding the turn over of products are all part of Nokias strategy in order to stay in the market and keep its position as the market leader for a very long period. I personally adore Nokias strategy as it is this keeps the Nokia brand name always speeded around for all the segments needs which is the main global aim of the Nokia meeting what the consumer want.4.Can competitors easily replicate Nokias global strategy? Why or Why not?I dont think so. As other companies are only focusing on their specific niche and investing in other niche needs high investment and its already taken by Nokia, and the only way is possible if there will be high investment in these companies to compete with Nokia. As most of the competing companies are not only Phone producers, they are producing a other electronic devices as well and their profit is gained from the whole range of their electronic devices that they sell and focusing only in one different targets of one single product (Mobile phone for low income individuals) would not be very beneficial for them to invest is. (Such as Samsung Smart TV, mobile phones, Washing Machine, .) But in future (about 20-50 years from now) I think as we go encourage the old technologies will be cheaper and cheaper, in a way that there will be slight demand for these low cost mobile phones as most probably these will be on hand(predicate) for free or maybe they will not be used at all as there are new products or devices that will be introduced that will replace the Mobile phone the same for other electronic devices who knows?5.Will Nokias planned expansion int o other products and services work? Explain.In my opinion it wont. As I have read in many places that Nokia had released a laptop and its sales was not successful. I think Nokia is knows as a Mobile Phone producer and has to focus more on that market only. As if it produces other electronic devices, Nokias customer will ache their focus on the Nokia as the leader in the Mobile phone devices. Nokia if is trying to expand, its better to use the sample production as laptop, tablet for very limited period, as limited period only and study the market demand. If it was successful (which it was not in the first place) can expand its products slowly in the business-communicating devices only.

Blood Brothers Essay

Blood Br separates is a hoyden about two twins who are separated at sustain, they do not entirely make disparate parents just have a whole different disembodied spiritstyle. Eddie lives in a world of luxury and has opportunities to go to university and eventu e very(prenominal) last(predicate)y owning his own business which is to a greater extent than rice paddy could have ever dreamed of. On the other hand rice paddy is brought up in a working division family with no qualifications whatsoever, as in short as rice paddy thinks he has finally settled down with a job he past finds himself dismissed and starts turning to plague.Towards the close of the exemplify the differences between Eddie and paddy field begin to show as skirmish is causad between them. They begin to turn against each other and Linda is stuck in the middle as she has feelings for some(prenominal) Eddie and Mickey, this is when the caput is raised asking whether Linda and Eddie have been having an af f glory. This is thus what s fires Mickey off the rails and ends up universe the cause of the Johnstone twins death as Mickey shot Eddie in a rage of ira over Linda. Tension is ca employ at the end of the play when Mrs Johnstone tells Mickey and Eddie that they are chums as the sense of hearing already knew this they just wanted to dwell when and how this would be revealed to the twins.Willy Russell wrote Blood Brothers to show how life was in Liverpool in eighties and how world in a different class separated sight. He withal refers to the recession and how so many people lost their jobs and the however way for them to earn a living was to turn to crime like Mickey did as he needed coin to support Linda and his child, Sammy did not overhaul the station as he was the one who had persuaded Mickey to earn money in that way.The end of the story is revealed to the auditory sense by the fibber at the very beginning of the play. This builds up tension because people know what is passage to happen so they are waiting to find out how it happened and what led up to that scene. Another amour that adds tension to the play is how the narrator keeps on referring back to the devil the devils got your number, yknow hes gonna find y. Yknow hes right behind y. Towards the end of the play the narrator says how close the devil is getting, the devil being the devil inside Mickey when he shoots Eddie down.Mrs Johnstone sings a male childg about the price that she has to net profit Living on the never, never, constant as the changing wear never sure whos at the door or the price Ill have to pay This song says that Mrs Johnstone has a price to pay, this could mean that she has to set in up her deflower in return for the money that Mrs Lyons gave her notwithstanding the audience know that the price that she go forth have to pay is the guilt that she will play and that both her twins die. The constant weather indicates her life has been up and down like its rai n down when she is sad and sunny when she is happy and that everything changes as fast as the weather.Secondly when she says that she is living on the never, never, uninterrupted as the changing weather never sure whos at the door this could refer to the people who came to knock on her door to manoeuvre away her possessions and that living on the never, never could mean that she knows that zip that she has will stay with her forever. Another thing that indicates this is that when she says Its alright lad were used to it we were in the middle id our tea one night when they came for that table. This means that she has had her belonging possessed before and because of this she doesnt actually mental capacity when it happens again because it has happened so many times before.Willy Russell has made the audience sympathize with Mrs Johnstone because she has been through a lot in her life. At the beginning of the play she tells us how she got to be in that position in that moment in time. Mrs Johnstone describes her marriage and says that I was six weeks overdue which makes the audience feel sorry for her. It also describes the place of marriage which was at the registry office. We got get hitched with at the registry and had a do. This suggests to us the audience that the wedding was nothing too fancy, not too expensive and that the marriage was sudden and unexpected. She got married because she was expecting a baby, in difficult, circumstances to get married in. Soon after the wedding Mrs Johnstone wanted to go out and enjoy herself like she had done before but her husband wouldnt take her anyplace because he became very conscious of her appearance and tangle embarrassed to be seen with her. This is evident due to the item that she gained weight and now perceived herself to be twice the size of Marilyn Monroe. The audience feels sympathetic towards her because she has seven children and imprint self esteem. This is shown by the fact that she describes he rself to look like she is forty two instead of twenty five. This shows the strong-arm strain that Mrs. Johnston has gone through.I understand why she gave her baby away to Mrs Lyons because Mrs Lyons emotionally manipulated Mrs Johnston in this detestable time she is going through. Mrs Lyons attempts to make Mrs Johnstone think positively by saying that if hes with me youll dumb be able to see him each twenty-four hours as you come to work Mrs Lyons presents Mrs Johnstone with the idea that her son would have a much kick downstairs life with herself if he grew up here as our son he could have everything. However this is why she may have done this for the benefit of the baby because she felt that Mrs Lyons could hand over for him much interrupt than she ever could and she just wanted him to have a better life.The decision of the narrator is to explain some of the key action on stage. The narrator also involves the audience by asking them directly, to judge what they see. He re veals that the brothers die at the very start of the play and from then on he constantly reminds the audience of the twins fate. He presents the themes of fate, destiny and superstition throughout the play, but at the end he asks the audience to consider if it was social class rather than fate that caused the tragedy.In the play the narrator constantly reminds Mrs Johnstone and Mrs Lyons about the devil Yknow the devils got your number, yknow hes gonna find y, yknow hes right behind y, hes starin through your windows and hes creeping down the hall. This makes the audience realise that when the narrator refers to the devil he means the devil that is going to cause the death of the twins at the end of the play this makes the audience anxious as to when this is all going to happen.In this play Mickey, Eddie, Linda, and Sammy play all sorts of games, I think that the games that they play influence them when they are older for usage they play with pretend guns and Sammy says It only fir es caps. Im gonna get a real gun soon, Im gonna get an air gun This later becomes true as Sammy does get a real gun which is then used to kill someone both Mickey and Sammy were arrested for this. The arrest is also relevant as the children used to play cops and robbers. Come on Eddie, you can have a shot at our target in the park.This is relevant because Mickey and Eddie practised shooting and in the end Mickey shoots Eddie so the shooting practise came in handy.I think the strongest child was Linda because she stuck up for Mickey no matter what she stuck up for him when he was getting told of by the teachers and she was able to have the courage to lie to a police officer.Superstition is a mountainous theme in the play and Mrs Johnstone is shown to be superstitious right at the beginning of the play. New piazza on the table. Take them off.The new shoes on the table could result in the birth of the twins. Plural, Mrs Johnstone, mouths to feed, youre expecting twins. The narrator u ses superstition during the play to imply the loss of money or precious things. An a spiders been killed. A main part in the play is when Mrs Lyons uses Mrs Johnstons superstitions to find out her from coition Eddie and Mickey that they actually brothers They say that if either twin learns that he once was a pair, they shall both flat die. As Mrs Johnstone is very superstitious she believed every word Mrs Lyons says to her. This superstition later becomes true, as at the end of the play the only reason why the gun got fired was because Mrs Johnstone told the boys that they were actually brothers as she thought that it would stop Mickey from shooing Eddie but in the end although it may have been an accident Mickey still fired the gun either over anger or rage over Linda or pure seismic disturbance to find out that he was a twin. The narrator finishes his speech with the idea of superstitions and whether they are the cause of the traumatic story line and ending. And do we blame su perstition for what came to pass.The first sign of tension is when he kids put forward up and Sammy causes trouble on the bus as he gets a knife out and starts jeopardise the conductor to give the bag with all of the fair money in just because he wouldnt give Sammy a ticket Fuck off, now move, you move Give me the bag This creates tension because zilch has ever seen that side of Sammy before and even Mickey gets scared and tries to stop him from getting into to deeper trouble Sammy, Sammy The repeating means that Mickey is really worried and wants to get Sammys attention.When both Sammy and Mickey are both fired tension is created when Sammy asks Mickey to help him out with a job, Sammy then produces a gun and says they will go and hold someone up for some money. Mickey is reluctant at first, but wants to be able to buy Linda something nice, and agrees to stand guard. The audience want Mickey to be able to say no to Sammy because they know that it probably wont end well, because they know that Mickey wants to be able to provide for Linda and his child but he wont be able to do that behind bars. in the meantime all this is happening at exactly the same time Edward meets up with Linda, proclaiming his love for her. She explains she has always love him in a way, but she is now married to Mickey, and very much in love. Willy Russell shows them talking at the same time so the audience can compare what both Linda and Mickey are saying, Mickey gave into temptation and was willing to help Sammy with a job for money whilst Linda had Eddie declaring his love for her but Linda was strong sufficient to say no because she couldnt do that to Mickey.At the beginning of the play Mickey and Eddie had a very strong takeoff boostership and cared and looked out for each other, when one was sad the other asked why and wanted to help Mickey whats wrong? Eddie saw that Mickey was upset so he wanted to know if there was anything he could do to help. I Thought we were blood bro thers this shows that they were once very close and being blood brothers meant that they always stuck together.As the play went on and the kids grew up into adults the relationship between Mickey and Eddie had changed. earlier they were best friends, which had then changed into a university kid and an unemployed man who had nothing to say to each other. When Eddie denote that he had everything he had ever wanted and offered to give Mickey money, Mickeys jealousy got the better of him You, youre a dickhead. This indicates that Mickey is angry at Eddie because he has everything including all the money in the world whilst Mickey had no job, no money and hated the thought that his old best friend had everything he didnt have.Right at the start of the play everyone saw how close Mickey and Linda were but when Mickey was in jail it not only changed him, but it changed his mental health as he became attached to drugs and became insane and mad. He said about, about me nerves, an how I get depresses an, I need to take these cos they make me better. But when Mickey did use these drugs it might have made him feel better but it put a strain on his and Lindas relationship as they argued all the time which then resulted to Linda turning to Eddie for comfort and supposedly romance.Willy Russell uses ellipses to show pauses or that t he character is being hesitant in sentences to create tension and also to make the reader hang on to the speakers speech communication and waiting for the next instalment.In the final moments of the feel tense as Mickey is running round out the town with a gun searching for Eddie and everyone is wondering if he actually will shoot his brother or if he will just threaten him. The confrontation between Eddie and Mickey is very dramatic as Mickey is shouting out the odds and Eddie is denying everything. Then the police come in demanding that Mickey puts down the gun down then when he starts to realise what he is doing he begins to lower the gun , then when Mrs Johnstone comes and announces that they are twin brothers Mickey dont shoot Eddie, hes your brother, I couldnt afford to keep both of you. His mother couldnt have kids so I agreed to give one of you away. Mickey despairs that he was not the one given away, because then he could have had the life given to Eddie. Mickey, distraught, gestures carelessly with the gun towards Eddie. This sad story ends when the police misinterpret this action and gun Mickey down as he accidentally shoots Eddie, killing him.I think Blood Brothers the musical is a fantastic play, I especially love the way that each song has a meaning and the emotions of the characters in the lyrics. But I thought the end was good as you would have never thought that Mickey would kill Eddie. How the play was set for the narrator to have told the end of the story and the beginning of the play created more and more tension as the play went. I liked the fact that Willy Russell was influenced by Liverpool in 198 3, only some of the characters had a Liverpool accent these were Mickey, Sammy, Linda, and Mrs Johnstone these were all the people in lower class and the ones who didnt have an accent were Eddie, Mrs Lyons and Mr Lyons as they were very well spoken and in upper class. I learnt how social class can get in the way of you want to be friends with because their parents might not approve of you.I think the play might still have a relevance for a modern day audience as some people still rely on their class to get things, for example if Mrs Lyons wasnt in upper class then Mrs Johnstone would have been able to stand up to her because she wouldnt have thought that she was so high up. This can make modern day audiences change their mind and know that the times have changed so they can be friends with whoever they want to be. Another thing that the audience would see is how Mrs Lyons gave Mrs Johnstone money for her baby and that still happens today, so they can see that if someone does give th eir baby away to someone for money then it might not always end in happiness.