Overview Of Embryonic Stem Cells - 771 Words

Stem cells play a fundamental role during all stages of development and have the potential to study and treat disease (Spitalieri et al., 2016). Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are pluripotent cells that emerge from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and can give rise to various cell types (Liang and Zhang, 2013). Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have similar characteristics but are derived from adult differentiated somatic tissue (Liang and Zhang, 2013). This review will briefly compare ESC and iPSC in the context of cell therapy and disease modeling. The human ESCs have long been considered the gold standard for modeling disease and have served as the basis for developing cell therapies (Spitalieri et al., 2016). However, the use of†¦show more content†¦That is, ESC line are often exposed to fetal bovine serum or other animal-based media for culturing purposes (Desai et al., 2015). This increases the likelihood of activating the immune response and tissue rejection. It is, therefore, necessary for some receipts of ESC to take immunosuppressants and mitigate the immune response (Odorico et al., 2001). In recent years, researchers have developed ESC parthenogenetic lines that could provide HLA histocompatibility for the majority of a given population (Revazova et al., 2008). Moreover, ESC lines are currently being cultivated in systems that are free of animal contamination (Fu et al., 2010). Such improvements could advance the clinical application of hESC for the treatment of disease. Furthermore, iPSCs are in theory more ideal than ESCs for the modeling of disease due to two reasons. First, iPSC can capture the genotype of a particular individual and reproduce the severity of a disease (Acab and Muotri, 2015) Second, iPSC can take into account variations within different ethnic groups (Merkle and Eggan, 2013). This is not easily achieved in human ESC lines, which have thus far had limited success in modeling complex disease. In contrast, iPSCs can more closely recapitulate the genetic hallmarks of a disease (Acab and Muotri, 2015). This may prove beneficial for toxicity-testing and development of new drugs for the treatment of disease (Pappas and Yang, 2008). Nonetheless, iPSCs suffer fromShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research1685 Words   |  7 PagesWhile the use of stem cells can offer a lot to the scientific community, the derivation of stem cells from embryos is ethically unacceptable; and the use of stem cells in humans should be completely prohibited. 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